NMR Spectroscopy

Rathke, J. W.; Klingler, R. J.; Gerald, Rex E.; Fremgen, David E.; Woelk, Klaus; and, Sander Gaemers; Elsevier, Cornelis J.

doi:10.1002/9783527613687.ch9

Cited by 14 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The only route to form anthracene without Ar À was reaction (7). Therefore, the presence of anthracene at À2.3 V indicated that reaction (7) had to take place.…”

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Acidic impurities from the solvent itself (SH) is also a possible route, even though it is less likely, to form the final product anthracene (ArH) (6). Alternatively, anthracene radical formed from reaction (2) can attract a hydrogen from the solvent through HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) to form ArH (7). The solvent radical S Å formed in this way can be reduced either at the electrode surface (8) or in solution (9).…”

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this section, ECNMR data have been used to investigate the mechanism routes from (5) to (7), and only (7) was proved to take place under the conditions studied. There was no evidence for the reduction of anthracene in the acquired NMR spectra, nevertheless, it could occur.…”

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At À2.7 V, the proposed reaction mechanism took place up to reaction (3). The resultant product, anthracene, could come from (5), (6) or (7). The integration of H c in Fig.…”

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable work has also been performed on solid samples, where sample size limitations are severe but high-resolution spectra are not expected [6][7][8]. Significant progress toward combining the electrochemical and high-resolution NMR techniques has been realized by taking advantage of the ''skin depth'' [9] of the electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Design and applications of an in situ electrochemical NMR cell

Zhang

Zwanziger

2011

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…The only route to form anthracene without Ar À was reaction (7). Therefore, the presence of anthracene at À2.3 V indicated that reaction (7) had to take place.…”

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At À2.7 V, the proposed reaction mechanism took place up to reaction (3). The resultant product, anthracene, could come from (5), (6) or (7). The integration of H c in Fig.…”

Section: Application 2: Reduction Of 9-chloroanthracenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Design and applications of an in situ electrochemical NMR cell

Zhang

Zwanziger

2011

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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Potential routes for thermochemical biorefineries

Haro

Ollero

Perales

et al. 2013

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This critical review focuses on potential routes for the multi-production of chemicals and fuels in the framework of thermochemical biorefineries. The up-to-date research and development in this field has been limited to BTL/G (biomass-to-liquids/gases) studies, where biomass-derived synthesis gas (syngas) is converted into a single product with/without the co-production of electricity and heat. Simultaneously, the interest on biorefineries is growing but mostly refers to the biochemical processing of biomass. However, thermochemical biorefineries (multi-product plants using thermo-chemical processing of biomass) are still the subject of few studies. This scarcity of studies could be attributed to the limitations of current designs of BTL/G for multi-production and the limited number of considered routes for syngas conversion. The use of a platform chemical (an intermediate) brings new opportunities to the design of process concepts, since unlike BTL/G processes they are not restricted to the conversion of syngas in a single-reaction system.Most of the routes presented here are based on old-fashioned and new routes for the processing of coaland natural-gas-derived syngas, but they have been re-thought for the use of biomass and the multiproduction plants (thermochemical biorefinery). The considered platform chemicals are methanol, DME, and ethanol, which are the common products from syngas in BTL/G studies. Important keys are given for the integration of reviewed routes into the design of thermochemical biorefineries, in particular for the selection of the mix of co-products, as well as for the sustainability (co-feeding, CO2 capture, and negative emissions).

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Fast chemical-shiftT 1 imaging in toroid cavities for the structural analysis of gels and emulsions

Trautner

Woelk

2002

Appl. Magn. Reson.

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Fast chemical-shift T~ imaging in toroid cavity cells (TCCs) is introduced and applications to diagnostic ultrasound gel and skin-care ointment are presented. TCCs are an advancement over previously used toroid cavity detectors because they combine resonator and sample container into one part. AdditionaLly, they are removable from the top of the probe and facilitate convenient probe and sample handling. Radially resolved Tt relaxation times in TCCs are obtained through combination of SR (saturation recovery) experiments with the RIPT (rapid imaging with a pulse train) technique. Because of the strong radial B~ gradient in TCCs, only pulse-burst saturation was found satisfactory to generate the most even starting condition for SR experiments. Because RIPT does not resolve chemical-shift information, magnetization and T~ profiles of individual components in mixed samples are monitored by doubLe-transient experiments with selective on-resonance saturation, which is achieved by converging trains of sinc pulses. The new techniques were applied to cellulose hydrogeL and oil-in-water emulsion both exposed to significant shear stress deformation during the charging of the TCC. In both cases, T L profiles as a function of time reveal structural recovery (thixotropy) that slowly progresses from one or more sample interfaces into the bulk.

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NMR Spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Design and applications of an in situ electrochemical NMR cell

Design and applications of an in situ electrochemical NMR cell

Potential routes for thermochemical biorefineries

Fast chemical-shiftT 1 imaging in toroid cavities for the structural analysis of gels and emulsions

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