NMR observation of T-tetrads in a parallel stranded DNA quadruplex formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomere repeats

Patel, P. K.; Hosur, Ramakrishna V.

doi:10.1093/nar/27.12.2457

Cited by 109 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These residues may form T-tetrads, similar to those previously observed in the center of a G-quadruplex structure, 24 and cap the ends of the G-tetrad core. Measurements of imino proton exchange times from external G-tetrads indicated the degrees of protection from solvent provided by these "caps".…”

Section: Novel Asymmetric Edgewise-looped Dimeric G-quadruplex Topolosupporting

confidence: 68%

Two-repeat Tetrahymena Telomeric d(TGGGGTTGGGGT) Sequence Interconverts Between Asymmetric Dimeric G-quadruplexes in Solution

Phan

Modi

Patel

2004

Journal of Molecular Biology

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Recently, the two-repeat human telomeric d(TAGGGTTAGGGT) sequence has been shown to form interconverting parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex structures in solution. Here, we examine the structures formed by the two-repeat Tetrahymena telomeric d(TGGGGTTGGGGT) sequence, which differs from the human sequence only by one G-for-A replacement in each repeat. We show by NMR that this sequence forms two novel G-quadruplex structures in Na + -containing solution. Both structures are asymmetric, dimeric G-quadruplexes involving a core of four stacked G-tetrads and two edgewise loops. The adjacent strands of the G-tetrad core are alternately parallel and antiparallel. All G-tetrads adopt syn·syn·anti·anti alignments, which occur with 5′-syn-anti-syn-anti-3′ alternations along G-tracks. In the first structure (head-to-head), two loops are at one end of the G-tetrad core; in the second structure (head-to-tail), two loops are located on opposite ends of the G-tetrad core. In contrast to the human telomere counterpart, the proportions of the two forms here are similar for a wide range of temperatures; their unfolding rates are also similar, with an activation enthalpy of 153 kJ/mol.

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Section: Novel Asymmetric Edgewise-looped Dimeric G-quadruplex Topolosupporting

confidence: 68%

Two-repeat Tetrahymena Telomeric d(TGGGGTTGGGGT) Sequence Interconverts Between Asymmetric Dimeric G-quadruplexes in Solution

Phan

Modi

Patel

2004

Journal of Molecular Biology

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“…[111,117,118] Stable mixed tetrads with more than one nucleobase type also form above the G-quartet. Patel et al showed that d(GCGGT 3 GCGG) dimerizes in solution to give a quadruplex with G:C:G:C tetrads stacked above the G-quartets.…”

Section: G-quartets Stabilize Stacking Of Nucleobase Triads and Tetradsmentioning

confidence: 99%

G‐Quartets 40 Years Later: From 5′‐GMP to Molecular Biology and Supramolecular Chemistry

Davis¹

2004

Angew Chem Int Ed

1,531

525

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Molecular self-assembly is central to many processes in both biology and supramolecular chemistry. The G-quartet, a hydrogen-bonded macrocycle formed by cation-templated assembly of guanosine, was first identified in 1962 as the basis for the aggregation of 5'-guanosine monophosphate. We now know that many nucleosides, oligonucleotides, and synthetic derivatives form a rich array of functional G-quartets. The G-quartet surfaces in areas ranging from structural biology and medicinal chemistry to supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. This Review integrates and summarizes knowledge gained from these different areas, with emphasis on G-quartet structure, function, and molecular recognition.

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“…An average of 8 nt exists between each GGG run, and the intervening sequence may contain GG dinucleotides [47]; GG runs may contribute to quadruplex formation, albeit more weakly than GGG runs. Yeast telomere repeats form G4-DNA in vitro [48,49], although the types of G4-DNA structures formed by natural yeast telomere repeats have not been well characterized. The telomere 3' single strand overhang is short (~10-15 nt in G1, and up to 22 nt in S-phase) [50] and thus might have limited intramolecular quadruplex forming potential under most conditions.…”

Section: G-quadruplexes and Telomere Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo veritas: Using yeast to probe the biological functions of G-quadruplexes

et al. 2008

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Certain guanine-rich sequences are capable of forming higher order structures known as Gquadruplexes. Moreover, particular genomic regions in a number of highly divergent organisms are enriched for such sequences, raising the possibility that G-quadruplexes form in vivo and affect cellular processes. While G-quadruplexes have been rigorously studied in vitro, whether these structures actually form in vivo and what their roles might be in the context of the cell have remained largely unanswered questions. Recent studies suggest that G-quadruplexes participate in the regulation of such varied processes as telomere maintenance, transcriptional regulation and ribosome biogenesis. Here we review studies aimed at elucidating the in vivo functions of quadruplex structures, with a particular focus on findings in yeast. In addition, we discuss the utility of yeast model systems in the study of the cellular roles of G-quadruplexes.

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NMR observation of T-tetrads in a parallel stranded DNA quadruplex formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomere repeats

Cited by 109 publications

References 20 publications

Two-repeat Tetrahymena Telomeric d(TGGGGTTGGGGT) Sequence Interconverts Between Asymmetric Dimeric G-quadruplexes in Solution

Two-repeat Tetrahymena Telomeric d(TGGGGTTGGGGT) Sequence Interconverts Between Asymmetric Dimeric G-quadruplexes in Solution

G‐Quartets 40 Years Later: From 5′‐GMP to Molecular Biology and Supramolecular Chemistry

In vivo veritas: Using yeast to probe the biological functions of G-quadruplexes

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