NMR investigation on the thermogelation of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide/polyethylenimine mixtures

Ghriga, Mohammed Abdelfetah; Khoukh, Abdel; Lebouachera, Seif El Islam; Grassl, Bruno

doi:10.1039/d2sm00996j

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Throughout the preparation procedure, the PEI concentration was adjusted between 0.1 and 0.6 wt %, whereas the levels of CO 2 -responsive polymer (1.5 wt %) and thiourea Deoxidizer (0.50 wt %) remained the same. Figure shows the ammonia exchange reaction between amino and amide groups. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 shows the ammonia exchange reaction between amino and amide groups. 22,23 The prepared gel is exposed to CO 2 gas in the system, where it undergoes a sol−gel state transition. A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, and F1 represent the preresponse system, while A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, and F2 represent the postresponse system.…”

Section: Preparation Of Co 2 −Responsive Intelligent Polymer Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Characterization of CO₂–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Wu,

Lou,

Zhai

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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In this study, we present an innovative intelligent polymer sealant designed to mitigate CO 2 leakage during underground geological storage (CCUS). This sealant is formulated by cross-linking CO 2 -responsive polymers, specifically acrylamide (AM) and N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA), with polyethylenimine (PEI) serving as the cross-linking agent. The polymer sealant’s characteristics were systematically investigated, varying the CO 2 -responsive polymer content (1.5 wt %) and PEI content (0.1–0.6 wt %). A comprehensive analysis encompassing the rheological properties, thermal behavior, conductivity, and microstructures was conducted. Experimental results indicate that the polymer sealant exhibits excellent injectability, rapid response kinetics, thermal stability, and robust mechanical strength. Upon encountering CO 2 , the polymer system undergoes a transition from sol to gel state, forming a surface-smooth, uniformly porous three-dimensional (3D) network skeleton structure. Remarkably, the gel’s modulus remains relatively unaffected by the shear frequency. Core fluid displacement experiments demonstrated a substantial sealing efficiency of 73.6% for CO 2 and an impressive subsequent injection water sealing rate of 96.2%, underscoring its superior sealing and migration performance. In conclusion, the proposed CO 2 -responsive gel sealant exhibits an exceptional potential for successful utilization in CCUS operations. This advancement introduces a novel avenue to enhance the effectiveness of CO 2 -responsive gel sealants, thereby contributing to the advancement of CO 2 leakage mitigation strategies in geological storage scenarios.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Co 2 −Responsive Intelligent Polymer Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of CO₂–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Wu,

Lou,

Zhai

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…This result is in good agreement with the previous reported literature. 11,36,38,39 Therefore, it can be inferred that the new single peak in the spectra of DCPG after crosslinking is obtained by the transamidation reaction of the amide group of the polymer with the nucleophilic amine nitrogen from the PEI.…”

Section: H Nmr Spectra Of Hvfr With and Without Cross-linkermentioning

confidence: 99%

Doubly cross‐linked polymer gels with ultra‐high‐thermal stability for hydrofracking

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cross‐linked polymer gels have been commonly utilized in the hydraulic fracturing process for stimulating oil and gas production; however, their weak thermal stability still impedes their more broadly use. Here we report doubly cross‐linked polymer gel consists of a high‐viscosity friction reducer (HVFR), poly‐(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane‐sulfonic acid), and crosslinkers zirconium ion (Zr4+) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The mixture solution of HVFR/Zr4+/PEI can be gelled spontaneously via heating to form double cross‐linked polymer gel due to the formation of physical and chemical crosslinks. The electrostatic interactions of Zr4+ and carboxylate moieties from HVFR to form first physically cross‐linked network at low temperature; the transamidation reaction between amide groups of HVFR and primary amines of PEI to generate second chemically cross‐linked network at high temperature. More significantly, the physical and chemical crosslinks can work synergistically to improve thermal stability of double cross‐linked polymer gel as compared to single cross‐linked polymer gel counterparts, which is capable of reaching fluid service temperatures up to 190°C. The double cross‐linked polymer gel features delayed crosslinking performance, the physically cross‐linked reaction of HVFR and Zr4+ occurs at approximately 52°C, while the onset of chemical crosslink of HVFR and PEI can be tuned from 154 to 180°C. Moreover, double cross‐linked polymer gel provides a high viscosity at ultra‐high temperatures, with remarkable heat‐ and shear‐resistance as well as proppant carrying capacity in hydrofracking process. The double cross‐linked polymer gel also can be completely broken with no apparent residues. This double cross‐linked polymer gel may provide a new approach for polymer gels used in ultra‐high‐temperature reservoirs.

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“…Due to the special reservoir environment (high temperature and high salinity), the stability of conventional profile control plugging agents is weakened, − and the high permeability layer seriously affects the water flooding operation, which limits the recovery rate. , As one of the most effective methods in the process of reservoir profile control and water plugging and enhanced oil recovery, the polymer gel profile control system is mainly composed of polyacrylamide (PAM), hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), acrylamide (AM), and the organic or inorganic cross-linking system; − furthermore, the carboxylic acid groups of PAM hydrolysis are also coordinated with the multivalent cation. − However, the field application of conventional gel profile control agents in Tahe oilfield still has limitations. , In the research process of gel profile control agents with high-temperature resistance and high salt, phenol-formaldehyde gel has been widely used, ,− but the toxicity of formaldehyde limits its application . In addition, EOR technology using profile control agents or oil displacement agents accounts for two-thirds of the initial oil production .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Phenolic Aldehyde–Polyacrylamide Gel for the Application in Saline Oil Reservoirs for Profile Modification

Dong,

He,

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Polymer gels are widely used in the oil and gas industry, and high-molecular-weight polymer gels have significant effects on reservoir water plugging operations. Based on nontoxic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), its stability in solvents containing formation saltwater (Tahe oilfield, NW China) was studied, and the composite gel solution was prepared using saltwater. The polymerization mechanism of PVA with phenolic resin (PF) and polyacrylamide (PAM) was analyzed, using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) instead of formaldehyde for cross-linking, and the rheological properties of the prepared gel were tested; the results showed excellent elastic properties. The application value of the gel was evaluated by gelation performance, thermal stability, and indoor simulated core displacement. The gelation time of the PVA/PAM/PF gel at 130 °C was 4 h; after aging at 130 °C for 40 days, the gel strength of the polymer gel remained at the G level, and no dehydration occurred. The simulated core plugging results showed that the breakthrough pressure was 11.79 MPa and the plugging rate was 99.83%. Compared with the PAM/PF gel, the PVA/PAM/PF gel has a higher breakthrough pressure, which is beneficial to reduce the permeability of the porous medium.

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NMR investigation on the thermogelation of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide/polyethylenimine mixtures

Abstract: Since the introduction of the polyethylenimine (PEI)/acrylamide-based polymers gel systems in the late 90’s, the literature knowledge on the crosslinking mechanisms between the various polymers (PAM, PHPA, PatBA..) and the...

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Development and Characterization of CO₂–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Development and Characterization of CO₂–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Doubly cross‐linked polymer gels with ultra‐high‐thermal stability for hydrofracking

Investigation of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Phenolic Aldehyde–Polyacrylamide Gel for the Application in Saline Oil Reservoirs for Profile Modification

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NMR investigation on the thermogelation of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide/polyethylenimine mixtures

Abstract: Since the introduction of the polyethylenimine (PEI)/acrylamide-based polymers gel systems in the late 90’s, the literature knowledge on the crosslinking mechanisms between the various polymers (PAM, PHPA, PatBA..) and the...

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Development and Characterization of CO2–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Development and Characterization of CO2–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Doubly cross‐linked polymer gels with ultra‐high‐thermal stability for hydrofracking

Investigation of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Phenolic Aldehyde–Polyacrylamide Gel for the Application in Saline Oil Reservoirs for Profile Modification

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Product

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Development and Characterization of CO₂–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant

Development and Characterization of CO₂–Responsive Intelligent Polymer Sealant