NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

Pietro, Maria Enrica Di; Mannu, Alberto; Mele, Andrea

doi:10.3390/pr8040410

Cited by 99 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Chemically, in this study, five structures of Holothuria A (1), Holothuria B (2), palmitic acid (3), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (4), and 2-BTHF (5) were isolated for the first time from the sea cucumber H. scabra. Holothuria A (1) and B (2) are new diterpene glycosides [60,61], while the rest-(3) [62], (4) [63], and (5) [40][41][42]-are known structures. Regarding anti-Aβ's therapeutic ability, our results strongly indicated that diterpene glycosides including Holothuria A (1) and B (2) had no in vivo anti-Aβ toxic effect in delaying the paralysis of the treated worms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Cyclic Ether 2-Butoxytetrahydrofuran from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra against Aβ Aggregate Toxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans and Potential Chemical Interaction

et al. 2021

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The pathological finding of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates is thought to be a leading cause of untreated Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we isolated 2-butoxytetrahydrofuran (2-BTHF), a small cyclic ether, from Holothuria scabra and demonstrated its therapeutic potential against AD through the attenuation of Aβ aggregation in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. Our results revealed that amongst the five H. scabra isolated compounds, 2-BTHF was shown to be the most effective in suppressing worm paralysis caused by Aβ toxicity and in expressing strong neuroprotection in CL4176 and CL2355 strains, respectively. An immunoblot analysis showed that CL4176 and CL2006 treated with 2-BTHF showed no effect on the level of Aβ monomers but significantly reduced the toxic oligomeric form and the amount of 1,4-bis(3-carboxy-hydroxy-phenylethenyl)-benzene (X-34)-positive fibril deposits. This concurrently occurred with a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated CL4176 worms. Mechanistically, heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) (at residues histidine 63 (HIS63) and glutamine 72 (GLN72)) was shown to be 2-BTHF’s potential target that might contribute to an increased expression of autophagy-related genes required for the breakdown of the Aβ aggregate, thus attenuating its toxicity. In conclusion, 2-BTHF from H. scabra could protect C. elegans from Aβ toxicity by suppressing its aggregation via an HSF-1-regulated autophagic pathway and has been implicated as a potential drug for AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Cyclic Ether 2-Butoxytetrahydrofuran from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra against Aβ Aggregate Toxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans and Potential Chemical Interaction

et al. 2021

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“…The mixture was stirred (220 rpm) continuously at atmospheric pressure and 28 • C. Reaction progress was evaluated for 24, 48 and 74 h. Samples were collected, filtered and the solvent was evaporated. An aliquot of 20 mg of the crude material of the reaction was dissolved in deuterated chloroform and the resulting solution was analyzed by NMR [65][66][67][68][69] and GC-FID. Experiments were carried out in triplicate.…”

Section: Enzymatic Preparation Of Ethyl Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second step, the hydrolyzed oil was used to perform the esterification reactions using the same biocatalysts indicated above. A mixture of hydrolyzed monkfish liver oil (0.300 g; 1 mmol), biocatalyst (0.03 g, 10% w/w based on the weight of hydrolyzed monkfish liver oil) and ethanol (0.147 g; 3.2 mmol) were stirred (220 rpm) at 28 • C. The esterification reactions were conducted for 24, 48 or 72 h. The reaction products were analyzed by NMR [65][66][67][68][69] and GC-FID. All the experiments were carried out in triplicate.…”

Section: Two-step Synthesis: Hydrolysis and Esterification Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil

et al. 2021

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The search for economic and sustainable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within the framework of the circular economy is encouraged by their proven beneficial effects on health. The extraction of monkfish liver oil (MLO) for the synthesis of omega-3 ethyl esters was performed to evaluate two blending systems and four green solvents in this work. Moreover, the potential solubility of the MLO in green solvents was studied using the predictive simulation software COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS). The production of ethyl esters was performed by one or two-step reactions. Novozym 435, two resting cells (Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae) obtained in our laboratory and a mix of them were used as biocatalysts in a solvent-free system. The yields for Novozym 435, R. oryzae and A. flavus in the one-step esterification were 63, 61 and 46%, respectively. The hydrolysis step in the two-step reaction led to 83, 88 and 93% of free fatty acids (FFA) for Novozym 435, R. oryzae and A. flavus, respectively. However, Novozym 435 showed the highest yield in the esterification step (85%), followed by R. oryzae (65%) and A. flavus (41%). Moreover, selectivity of polyunsaturated fatty acids of R. oryzae lipase was evidenced as it slightly esterified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in all the esterification reactions tested.

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“…Se determina mediante la 14 titulación o valoración del aceite disuelto en alcohol con una solución estándar de KOH. El valor del IA refleja el contenido de AGL, producto de la hidrólisis (Di Pietro et al, 2020). El IA determinado en el biodiesel es importante para determinar el nivel de AGL o ácidos presentes, pues refleja la calidad del biodiesel, ya que si este índice es alto, incrementa los depósitos en el sistema de combustión e incrementan la potencialidad de corrosión del sistema.…”

Section: Calidad Del Aceite De Las Semillas De Piñónunclassified

Características Físicoquímicas en Diferentes Grados De Maduración De Los Frutos De Tres Líneas Promisoras De Piñón Y Calidad De La Extracción De Aceite De Las Semillas

et al. 2020

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En este trabajo se evaluó el comportamiento y las características fisicoquímicas de frutos, semillas y aceite extraído de tres líneas promisorias de piñón CP041, CP052 y CP054 con grados de maduración siendo estos: verde claro, amarillo, marrón amarillento y marrón oscuro. Las muestras fueron obtenidas del banco de germoplasma de la Estación Experimental Portoviejo del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP-EEP), Manabí, Ecuador. En el análisis estadístico se determinó que los frutos maduros son los que presentaron mayor porcentaje de contenido de aceite siendo la línea CP041 la que presentó mayor contenido. En el porcentaje de semillas en frutos secos la línea CP041 tuvo más rendimiento a diferencia que la línea CP054. En cuanto a las proteínas, la línea CP041 tuvo destaque, en porcentaje de fibra y en humedad CP052 y en porcentaje de cenizas CP054. En la línea CP041 el aceite de los frutos verdes claro tuvo mayor índice de yodo y de índice de saponificación. La viscosidad cinemática en el fruto amarillo fue el más sobresaliente con los demás grados de maduración. Los frutos marrones amarillento presentaron el menor índice de acidez. Cuando los frutos estudiados eran los marrones oscuros existió menor índice de peróxidos y de la densidad relativa de menor magnitud de rangos. Los frutos con mayor contenido de dobles enlaces referente al índice de Iodo fueron los frutos verde claros en la línea CP052, mientras que en la línea CP054 fueron los frutos marrón oscuros. Los frutos secos (marrón oscuro) de la línea CP052 y CP054 alcanzaron un elevado índice de saponificación en relación con los otros grados de maduración. Los valores arrojados en la viscosidad cinemática en los frutos marrón amarillento sobresalen a los otros estados de maduración tanto en la línea CP052 y CP054. En la densidad relativa, tanto en las líneas CP052 y CP054, resalta los frutos verde amarillos en relación con los demás estados de maduración.

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NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

Cited by 99 publications

References 60 publications

Beneficial Effects of Cyclic Ether 2-Butoxytetrahydrofuran from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra against Aβ Aggregate Toxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans and Potential Chemical Interaction

Beneficial Effects of Cyclic Ether 2-Butoxytetrahydrofuran from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra against Aβ Aggregate Toxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans and Potential Chemical Interaction

Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil

Características Físicoquímicas en Diferentes Grados De Maduración De Los Frutos De Tres Líneas Promisoras De Piñón Y Calidad De La Extracción De Aceite De Las Semillas

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