NMR demonstration of cerebral abnormalities: comparison with CT

Brant‐Zawadzki, Michael; Davis, P L; Crooks, L E; Mills, Caroline M.; Norman, David; Th, Newton; Sheldon, P. W. E.; Kaufman, Léon

doi:10.2214/ajr.140.5.847

Cited by 129 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…13 This is based on the improved sensitivity of MR to the presence of vasogenic edema, particularly on T2-weighted images (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Mr Of the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Central Nervous System: Comparison to Computed Tomography

BradleyJr.

1986

Ann Saudi Med

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Magnetic resonance (MR) is a powerful new imaging modality which has recently become competitive with x-ray computed tomography (CT) for imaging of the central nervous system (CNS). The advantages of MR include lack of ionizing radiation and the necessity to use iodinated contrast. MR is able to provide images directly in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes. When appropriate pulsing sequences are used, MR can be more sensitive than CT in the detection of early disease associated with increased water content. Included in this category are multiple sclerosis, early infarcts, small tumors, and inflammatory lesions. MR is superior to CT in the posterior and middle fossae due to the beam hardening artifacts which degrade the older modality. In the cord, MR is particularly useful in the evaluation of myelopathies, e.g., syringomyelia, spinal dysraphism, and intramedullary tumors.Due to its increased sensitivity in the detection of early disease, MR should generally be used as the initial screening procedure in the evaluation of suspected intracranial disease or disease of the cord. Current limitations of MR include: longer single slice imaging times, thicker slices, general lack of available contrast agents to define blood-brain barrier break-down, and the inability to image calcification and cortical bone. Patients on cardiac monitors or on respirators and those with intracranial aneurysm clips and cardiac pacemakers are currently excluded from MR imaging.

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“…13 This is based on the improved sensitivity of MR to the presence of vasogenic edema, particularly on T2-weighted images (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Mr Of the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Central Nervous System: Comparison to Computed Tomography

BradleyJr.

1986

Ann Saudi Med

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“…NMRI in such cases has shown Tl and T2 relaxation times between the short Tl of hemorrhage and the long Tl and T2 of infarction. 1 ' 37 Acute hemorrhages have had short Tl and T2 relaxation times, 47 while chronic hemorrhages have had short Tl and long T2 relaxation times. 37 In the few reported instances, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) detected by x-ray CT has gone undetected by NMRI, only rarely showing as a region of shortened Tl relaxation time 3 or as a region of long T2 relaxation time 7 corresponding to subarachnoid clot.…”

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confidence: 99%

NMR-neuropathologic correlation in stroke.

DeWitt

Kistler

Miller

et al. 1987

Stroke

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True, three-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging at 0.147 tesla was performed postmortem on 2 patients embodying various stroke syndromes, including chronic (4 and 15 years) infarction, subacute (within 1 week) bland infarction, acute (2 days) hemorrhagic Infarction, and hematoma secondary to ruptured aneurysm. A third patient, with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, so-called Binswanger's disease, was examined antemortem using a 0.6 tesla scanner. Nuclear magnetic resonance images were reconstructed at levels matching the pathologic specimens. Qualitative and, when available, quantitative comparisons between the results of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and pathology were carried out. Areas of qualitatively prolonged Tl and T2 relaxation times on nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were more extensive than the corresponding areas of chronic infarction noted pathologically and were determined to be infarcts plus the adjacent areas of Wallerian degeneration. Hemorrhagic infarction, without evidence of blood on computed tomography, was found to have mildly prolonged Tl and T2 relaxation times, between those of normal brain and chronic infarction; a 10-day-old hematoma had a very short Tl, slightly shorter than that of white matter, and a mildly prolonged T2, with values between those of white and gray matter. T HERE have now been several reports regarding the use of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI, also referred to as magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) in the evaluation of various stroke syndromes.1 " 5 Acute (within hours to 2 days) and chronic (within weeks) infarcts have been noted to have prolonged Tl and T2 relaxation times.24 "* NMRI studies in hemorrhagic infarction have been based on plain (i.e., not contrast-enhanced) computed tomography (CT) showing bright, speckled areas in areas of superimposed infarction. NMRI in such cases has shown Tl and T2 relaxation times between the short Tl of hemorrhage and the long Tl and T2 of infarction.1 ' 37 Acute hemorrhages have had short Tl and T2 relaxation times, 47 while chronic hemorrhages have had short Tl and long T2 relaxation times. 37 In the few reported instances, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) detected by x-ray CT has gone undetected by NMRI, only rarely showing as a region of shortened Tl relaxation time 3 or as a region of long T2 relaxation time 7 corresponding to subarachnoid clot. Reports of areas of prolonged T2 relaxation time (bright areas on T2-weighted spin-echo images) surrounding areas of chronic infarction, as documented From the Departments of Neurology

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“…The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has until recently depended on a record of at least two attacks and of clinical signs of dam age in at least two distinct central nervous regions [McAlpine et al, 1972;McDonald and Halliday, 1977] [Poser et al, 1983], Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been shown to be an extremely sen sitive technique for the study of pathological white matter, particularly in MS [Brant-Zawadzki et al, 1983;Lukes et al, 1983;Young et al, 1981], but few MS cases have been examined, and the diagnostic contribu tion of MRI has not been evaluated. Here our aim has been to describe the MRIderived signs of MS, to evaluate the tech-niquc for the diagnosis of MS and to com pare our findings with other complementary examinations, CSF analyses and EP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared with Other Paraclinical Examinations

Rumbach¹,

Warter²,

Marescaux³

et al. 1987

Eur Neurol

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Examination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evoked potentials (EP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses was carried out on 97 definite, 20 probable and 40 possible multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (McAlpine’s clinical criteria). MRI of only 4 transverse brain sections at the level of the ventricles and the analysis of the first 4 echoes showed periventricular or parenchymal lesions, or both, in 114 of the 117 definite and probable MS patients and in 25 of the possible MS patients. MRI was more sensitive than the CSF analyses or EP. The MRI abnormalities were not, however, MS-specific.

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NMR demonstration of cerebral abnormalities: comparison with CT

Cited by 129 publications

References 11 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Central Nervous System: Comparison to Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Central Nervous System: Comparison to Computed Tomography

NMR-neuropathologic correlation in stroke.

Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared with Other Paraclinical Examinations

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