NMR Applications for Polymer Composite Materials Moisture Uptake Investigation

Bouznik, V. M.; Morozov, Evgeny V.; Avilova, Irina A.; Volkov, V. I.

doi:10.1007/s00723-015-0748-2

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Using NMR techniques can provide an understanding of the effects of temperature, humidity, and of the coating structure on diffusion. Moreover, NMR spectroscopy can be combined with other NMR-based methods, such as relaxometry and imaging, to gain some further information about water diffusion processes and their impacts on coating properties [34,58,[87][88][89].…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NMR imaging, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), provides spatially resolved information on water diffusion patterns within epoxy coatings [34,87,92]. These imaging techniques provide a visualization and mapping of the water distribution and the penetration depth.…”

Section: Nmr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reconstructed NMR images provide visual information about the transport and distribution of water within the epoxy matrix. A quantitative analysis can be performed on the images to extract parameters including water diffusion coefficients, water uptake profiles, water concentration gradients, and other parameters [34,87,92].…”

Section: Nmr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water in Epoxy Coatings: Basic Principles of Interaction with Polymer Matrix and the Influence on Coating Life Cycle

Bratasyuk,

Latyshev,

Zuev

2023

Coatings

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This review describes the interaction of epoxy coatings with water, the kinetics of water uptake in epoxy resins, and the methods of studying the latter (gravimetric, IR (Infrared) and NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopies). The analysis of experimental data requires using mathematical models which simulate the processes that occur during water uptake in a polymer matrix. This review classifies the numerous models applied for the study of water absorption into two large groups: Fickian and non-Fickian models. Fickian models involve the Fickian diffusion model and its development for the case of anomalous diffusion, as well as the models of Jacobs–Jones, Berens–Hopfenberg, and the time-varying diffusion coefficient model. The Carter–Kibler approach is provided as an example of a non-Fickian or Langmuir-type model. A critical analysis of the experimental methods is provided, including advantages and possible experimental errors. The methods used for processing experimental data are discussed as well as the effect of water on the exploitation properties and life cycle of epoxy coatings.

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Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nmr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water in Epoxy Coatings: Basic Principles of Interaction with Polymer Matrix and the Influence on Coating Life Cycle

Bratasyuk,

Latyshev,

Zuev

2023

Coatings

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“…They reported that this difference affected NMR imaging, so that images could be taken up to ~ 1 cm in from the edge, but less than 2 mm in from the surface. A comparison of moisture uptake in epoxy composite reinforced with different fibre types found that, although signals could be obtained for samples with carbon fibre, these were poor compared to those for aramid fibre [14]. NMR images became less clear, signal amplitudes were lower, and the presence of water was only obvious after greater conditioning.…”

Section: Conductive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Single-Sided NMR to Study Moisture Behaviour in an Activated Carbon Fibre/Phenolic Composite

et al. 2020

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been shown to be a useful technique to study the form and content of water in polymer composites. Composites using activated carbon fibres with phenolic resin have complex water absorption behaviour which would benefit from such investigation; however, the presence of the conductive fibres can make NMR problematic. In this study, single-sided NMR has been successfully used on such material by developing a method for sample-to-sample compensation for the effect of conductivity. Transverse relaxation curves showed water to be primarily in two states in the resin, corresponding to "bound" and "mobile" molecules. In addition, two much less bound states were identified in the composite, associated firstly with water adsorbed on to the fibre surface and secondly with clusters of water molecules moving more freely within the fibre pores.

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“…The abundant hydrogen bonds between macromolecular chains, together with the van de Waals forces, mean they have a more compact structure in crystalline regions than in amorphous regions. The functionality of aramid fibres, such as water/oil repellent finishing, antimicrobial finishing, flame‐retardant finishing and other surface modifying, has been reported to improve the dye ability and other abilities of aramid fabrics ; however, its capacity for self‐cleaning processing has rarely been researched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐assisted preparation of pyrite and its sensitisation of titanium dioxide in self‐cleaning aramid fabrics

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2018

Coloration Technology

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersions were obtained by neutralising anatase nano‐titanium dioxide sols prepared by hydrolysing tetrabutyl titanate in acidic aqueous media. Pyrite was initially prepared via the microwave‐assisted method with a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and small amounts of water, and was then used in sensitising micron‐sized titanium dioxide particles to obtain aramid fabrics with self‐cleaning properties. X‐ray diffraction demonstrated the crystalline structure of pyrite, and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrum and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy characterised the band gaps, surface status on fabrics and the distribution of the pyrite compound's titanium dioxide particles. The contact angle, UV protection factor (UPF) and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) were used to evaluate the performance of treated aramid fabrics. Results show that pyrite‐sensitised titanium dioxide compounds obtained at pH 5 have smaller band gap energies and relatively poor wetting abilities, higher UPF values, and perform well in the photocatalytic degradation of MB. The pseudo‐first kinetic model was used to analyse elaborate sections of the curve for the degradation of MB.

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NMR Applications for Polymer Composite Materials Moisture Uptake Investigation

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Water in Epoxy Coatings: Basic Principles of Interaction with Polymer Matrix and the Influence on Coating Life Cycle

Water in Epoxy Coatings: Basic Principles of Interaction with Polymer Matrix and the Influence on Coating Life Cycle

The Use of Single-Sided NMR to Study Moisture Behaviour in an Activated Carbon Fibre/Phenolic Composite

Microwave‐assisted preparation of pyrite and its sensitisation of titanium dioxide in self‐cleaning aramid fabrics

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