“…Thus, changes of activity within the hippocampus are implicated in a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia to addiction and seizures (Duman, 2014; Gondard et al, 2019; Olsen & Sheng, 2012; Small et al, 2011). Based on both clinical and animal studies, dysfunctions of the hippocampus can arise from an imbalance of the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activities, which can ultimately cause diseases through deficits in hippocampal neurotransmission and plasticity, as well as altered local and long‐distance communications to other regions of the brain (Banks & Bashir, 2021; Belujon & Grace, 2017; Jacobson & Sapolsky, 1991; Li et al, 2015; Sigurdsson et al, 2010). Specifically, deviations from normal hippocampal neural activities represent misattribution of context and emotional valence, leading to symptoms typically associated with emotional disturbances, memory deficits and psychosis.…”