Nkx2.1 downregulation is involved in brain abnormality induced by excess retinoic acid

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Abnormal development of central nervous system (CNS) caused by neural tube defects is not only a major contributor in the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths but also causes lifelong physical disability in surviving infants. Due to insufficient known investigated causes, CNS developmental abnormality has brought sever burden on health around the world. From previous results of high throughput transcriptome sequencing, we selected transcription factor Nkx2.1 as a candidate to investigate its role on brain abnormalities induced by excessive retinoic acid. The result of in situ hybridization showed that Nkx2.1 was mainly expressed in mouse brain. After the Nkx2.1 gene was silenced, retarded proliferation and accelerated apoptosis were found in mouse Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that the main components of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway were affected in Nkx2.1-silenced cells, implying that Nkx2.1 plays an important role in the development of mouse brain by regulating Shh signaling pathway.</jats:p>

Comparison of chromatin accessibility landscapes during early development of prefrontal cortex between rhesus macaque and human

“…The TEAD family plays key roles in the Hippo signaling pathway which is involved in the control of organ size 44 . Moreover, NKX2 plays crucial roles in brain diseases 45 , 46 . These data may provide clues for understanding the differences in brain size between rhesus monkeys and humans and help to explain the occurrence of human neurological diseases.…”

Up-regulation of miR-10a-5p expression inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells by targeting &lt;italic&gt;Chl1&lt;/italic&gt;

“…Excessive RA level in pregnant mammals can lead to abnormalities in brain development, including NTDs [12]. At present, excessive RA-induced animal models have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of NTDs [13,14].…”