Nitroxide Radicals as Highly Reactive Redox Mediators in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Kato, Fumiaki; Kikuchi, Akitomo; Okuyama, Takumi; Oyaizu, Kenichi; Nishide, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/anie.201205036

Cited by 93 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…11 While the thiazole ring does not greatly affect the electrochemical behavior of the benzotriazinyl radicals, the substituents at C7 do alter the electron density around the molecule, affecting the oxidation and reduction potentials (Table 3). 13 In conclusion, we prepared five thiazolobenzotriazinyl radicals starting from the Blatter radical 2a in moderate yields. 6 The fully reversible and low oxidation potentials of radicals 6a,b,eÀg coupled with their planar spin-bearing acene core make them good donor candidates for chargetransfer salts, e.g., the pressure-dependent semiconductor complex Blatter radical 2a:TCNQ, 11 and as cathodic components in organic radical batteries, 12 or as redox mediators in dye sensitized solar cells.…”

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confidence: 91%

From Blatter Radical to 7-Substituted 1,3-Diphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls: Toward Multifunctional Materials

et al. 2012

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confidence: 91%

From Blatter Radical to 7-Substituted 1,3-Diphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls: Toward Multifunctional Materials

et al. 2012

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“…(22) In particular, LMW-TEMPOL is the most extensively utilized nitroxide radical for versatile applications. LMW-TEMPOL has strong redox reactivity, (23) which results in ROS scavenging including superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, alkylperoxyl radicals, and so on.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The behavior of ROS-scavenging nanoparticles in blood

Shimizu

Yoshitomi

Nagasaki

2014

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Here, we report an interaction between blood and redox nanoparticles, prepared by self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers possessing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyls as a side chain of hydrophobic segment. When 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl was added to rat whole blood, its electron spin resonance signal disappeared rapidly. In contrast, the signal from redox nanoparticles remained for a long period of time, indicating that nitroxide radicals were protected in the blood by their compartmentalization in the core of nanoparticle. Although most 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyls were located in the nanoparticle core, reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity was found outside of blood cells. For example, redox nanoparticles suppressed superoxide anion-induced hemolysis effectively, while 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl did not. It was revealed that redox nanoparticles were not internalized into the healthy blood cells, which was in sharp contrast to 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. Due to its internalization into healthy platelets, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl induced mitochondrial dysfunction, while redox nanoparticles did not. Redox nanoparticles suppressed platelet adhesion and extended blood coagulation time, in contrast to 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. These results indicate that redox nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen species outside of cells, but do not interfere with normal redox reactions inside of the cell. Based on these results, we determine that an anti-oxidative strategy based on nanotechnology is a rational and safe therapeutic approach.

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“…Furthermore, it has been proved to display unique thermochromism and magnetic phase transitions [4]. More recently, it has been clarified to play a significant role as an efficient mediator for dye-sensitized solar cells with conversion efficiency as high as 8.6% [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures of the reaction products of the AZADO radical with TCNQF₄ or thiourea

Suzuki¹,

Kawahara²,

Akutsu³

et al. 2013

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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Nitroxide Radicals as Highly Reactive Redox Mediators in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 93 publications

References 41 publications

From Blatter Radical to 7-Substituted 1,3-Diphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls: Toward Multifunctional Materials

From Blatter Radical to 7-Substituted 1,3-Diphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls: Toward Multifunctional Materials

The behavior of ROS-scavenging nanoparticles in blood

Structures of the reaction products of the AZADO radical with TCNQF₄ or thiourea

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Nitroxide Radicals as Highly Reactive Redox Mediators in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 93 publications

References 41 publications

From Blatter Radical to 7-Substituted 1,3-Diphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls: Toward Multifunctional Materials

From Blatter Radical to 7-Substituted 1,3-Diphenyl-1,4-dihydrothiazolo[5′,4′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls: Toward Multifunctional Materials

The behavior of ROS-scavenging nanoparticles in blood

Structures of the reaction products of the AZADO radical with TCNQF4 or thiourea

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Structures of the reaction products of the AZADO radical with TCNQF₄ or thiourea