Nitrous Oxide Production throughout the Year from Fertilized and Manured Maize Fields

Cates, Richard L.; Keeney, D. R.

doi:10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040026x

Cited by 114 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Based on our measurements, we cannot be certain which of the mechanisms suggested by Cates and Keeney (1987) were involved in the high N 2 O fluxes at spring thaw: rapid nitrification-denitrification at the soil surface, and/or release of N 2 O accumulated below the frozen layer in the soil profile. But it is apparent that the absence of high N 2 O fluxes for alfalfa and grass plots at spring thaw was linked to the low nitrate levels observed (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields over 28 months

Wagner-Riddle¹,

Thurtell²,

Kidd³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

186

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Field studies conducted throughout the calendar year are needed to improve flux estimates for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, we report monthly N2O emissions measured using micrometeorological techniques and a Tunable Diode Laser Trace Gas Analyzer (TDLTGA). Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured at the Elora Research Station (20 km north of Guelph, Ontario) from July to November 1992, and from March 1993 to February 1995, giving a total of 2445 daily averages obtained during the full length of the experiment. The soil at the experimental site was a Conestogo silt loam (Gleyed melanic brunisol). Several fields were monitored including fallow, manured fallow, Kentucky bluegrass, alfalfa, barley, canola, soybeans and corn plots. Spring thaw emissions from fallow or ploughed plots measured from March to April ranged from 1.5 to 4.3 kg N ha−1, corresponding to approximately 65% of the total annual emission. Similar effects were not observed on the vegetated (alfalfa and grass) plots. The lowest total annual N2O emissions were measured for second year alfalfa (1 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and bluegrass (0 to 0.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Higher annual emissions (2.5 to 4.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1) were observed for corn, barley, canola, and fallow plots. Highest annual emissions were measured after addition of nitrogen in the form of animal manure on a fallowed plot (5.7 to 7.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and alfalfa residue by fall-ploughing (6.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Plot management during the previous year affected N2O emissions, particularly on the soybean plot (5.9 kg N ha−1 yr−1) that followed a manured fallow treatment. The micrometeorological technique used in this study was successful at quasi-continuous monitoring of N2O fluxes from several plots, and therefore, useful for detecting long-term effects of management on emissions. Key words: Nitrous oxide, N2O fluxes, trace gases, agriculture, greenhouse gases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Other studies have observed high emissions at spring thaw as affected by manure or fertilizer addition in the previous year (Goodroad et al 1984;Cates and Keeney 1987). But the relative importance of these emissions in relation to fluxes due to fertilizer or manure application during the growing season has not been well established before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields over 28 months

Wagner-Riddle¹,

Thurtell²,

Kidd³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

186

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“…Previous research has illustrated effects of crop rotation, tillage, irrigation, crop residues, soil conditions (temperature, water status, pH, salt content, and available C), manure, and fertilizer use on emissions of N 2 O and other greenhouse gases from maize-based systems in the north-central United States (119,121,(124)(125)(126)(127)(128)(129). However, most of these estimates were obtained from small experimental field plots, which may not be representative of production-scale fields.…”

Section: Soil Quality Nitrogen Requirements and Greenhouse Gas Emismentioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting Cereal Demand While Protecting Natural Resources and Improving Environmental Quality

Cassman

Dobermann

Walters

et al. 2003

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

869

476

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Agriculture is a resource-intensive enterprise. The manner in which food production systems utilize resources has a large influence on environmental quality. To evaluate prospects for conserving natural resources while meeting increased demand for cereals, we interpret recent trends and future trajectories in crop yields, land and nitrogen fertilizer use, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas emissions to identify key issues and challenges. Based on this assessment, we conclude that avoiding expansion of cultivation into natural ecosystems, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and improved soil quality are pivotal components of a sustainable agriculture that meets human needs and protects natural resources. To achieve this outcome will depend on raising the yield potential and closing existing yield gaps of the major cereal crops to avoid yield stagnation in some of the world's most productive systems. Recent trends suggest, however, that increasing crop yield potential is a formidable scientific challenge that has proven to be an elusive goal.

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“…A diurnal variation can also exist, primarily associated with temperature variations (Denmead et al, 1979;Conrad et al, 1983;Slemer et al, 1984). Seasonal fluctuations also occur due to 'bursts'of substrate availability following perturbations such as dryingiwetting and freezelthaw events (Cates & Keeney, 1987;Parton et al, 1988;Christensen & Tiedje, 1990).…”

Section: Coz Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions from farmed organic soils: a review

Kasimir-Klemedtsson

Klemedtsson

Berglund

et al. 1997

Soil Use and Management

297

184

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Abstract. The large boreal peatland ecosystems sequester carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere due to a low oxygen pressure in waterlogged peat. Consequently they are sinks for COz and strong emitters of C&. Drainage and cultivation of peatlands allows oxygen to enter the soil, which initiates decomposition of the stored organic material, and in turn COz and N20 emissions increase while C b emissions decrease. Compared to undrained peat, draining of organic soils for agricultural purposes increases the emissions of greenhouse gases (CQ, CH., and NzO) by roughly 1 t COZ equivalentslha per year. Although farmed organic soils in most European countries represent a minor part of the total agricultural area, these soils contribute significantly to national greenhouse gas budgets. Consequently, farmed organic soils are potential targets for policy makers in search of socially acceptable and economically cost-efficient measures to mitigate climate gas emissions from agriculture. Despite a scarcity of knowledge about greenhouse gas emissions from these soils, this paper addresses the emissions and possible control of the three greenhouse gases by different managements of organic soils. More precise information is needed regarding the present trace gas fluxes from these soils, as well as predictions of future emissions under alternative management regimes, before any definite policies can be devised.

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Nitrous Oxide Production throughout the Year from Fertilized and Manured Maize Fields

Cited by 114 publications

References 16 publications

Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields over 28 months

Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields over 28 months

Meeting Cereal Demand While Protecting Natural Resources and Improving Environmental Quality

Greenhouse gas emissions from farmed organic soils: a review

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