Nitrous Oxide‐Oxygen Mixture During Burn Wound Dressing: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Study

Li, Yuxiang; Wang, Han; Tang, Haihong; Wu, Yin‐Sheng; Lu, Tianlan; Yu, Jian‐Qiang; Li, Yancang; Xia, Zhaofan; Zhao, Jijun

doi:10.1111/cns.12061

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Currently, in China, 50% nitrous oxide has found application in painless delivery, dental extraction and implantation, painless abortion, and endoscopy, all of which require conscious analgesia. It is very safe and reliable, and it has nearly no side effects [6]. After being provided with the data and literature, all participants thought for the use of dressing analgesia among children with burns was feasible, and they supported its use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in the burn center, doctors perform the dressing for patients and prescribe painkillers to patients. Without the guidance of anesthetists, these doctors may hardly prescribe anesthetics and sedatives for fear of possible complications [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is exhaled in prototype with breathing and is considered the safest, most effective inhaled analgesic [6][7][8]. The gas is mainly used for painless delivery [9][10][11], dental extraction and implantation [12][13][14], painless abortion [15][16][17], and endoscopy [18], all of which require conscious analgesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical workers’ cognition of using 50% nitrous oxide in children with burns: A qualitative study

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Burns

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical workers’ cognition of using 50% nitrous oxide in children with burns: A qualitative study

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Burns

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“…It has been used in various types of pain management, including labor [34], dental procedures [35], trauma [36], burn dressing [37], surgical procedures, and other medical conditions. The nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture has potent analgesic properties but does not cause loss of consciousness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with its slow onset of action (20–30 min; peak > 45 min) [42], it delays pain relief and reduces patients’ compliance. Studies by Li et al showed that a fixed diluted nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture would provide a sufficient analgesic effect during the burn-dressing procedure; patients reported the most satisfaction for this method [17, 37]. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies on the use of nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture to treat breakthrough pain yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fixed inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture as an analgesic for adult cancer patients with breakthrough pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Liu

Wang

Luo

et al. 2017

Trials

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BackgroundThe management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients is always a challenge for medical professions. Occurring in 80% of cancer patients with advanced disease, breakthrough pain significantly decreases both patient’s and caregiver’s quality of life. The aim of this study is to assess the analgesic efficacy of a fixed inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for adult cancer patients with breakthrough pain.Methods/designThis is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study; it will be conducted in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. The target study subjects are at least 18 years old, and are hospitalized cancer patients who are receiving routine opioids to control cancer-related pain but still experience breakthrough pain. A total of 240 patients will be recruited and randomly allocated between three treatment groups (A, B, C) and a control group (group D) in a ratio of 3:1. All treatment groups (A, B, C) will receive standard pain treatment (oral immediate-release morphine) plus a pre-prepared nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, and the control group (D) will receive the standard pain treatment plus oxygen. Patients, doctors, nurses, and data collectors are all blind to the experiment. Assessments will be taken before treatment (T0), at 5 min (T1) and 15 min (T2) during treatment, and at 5 min after treatment (T3). The primary endpoint measures will be the percentage of patients whose pain is relieved at T1, T2, and T3. Secondary outcome measures will include the safety of treatment, adverse events, and satisfaction from both health professionals and patients.DiscussionThis study aims to provide an effective and practical intervention for a fast breakthrough pain relief and to improve cancer patients’ quality of life significantly. The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group claim that a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental intervention is the most appropriate design to demonstrate its efficacy, so this study could give a new approach to controlling breakthrough pain episodes.Trial registration ChiCTR-INC-16008075. Registered on 8 March 2016.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1739-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for analgesia in adult cancer patients with breakthrough pain: A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial

Liu

Gao

Dai

et al. 2017

European Journal of Pain

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Nitrous Oxide‐Oxygen Mixture During Burn Wound Dressing: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Medical workers’ cognition of using 50% nitrous oxide in children with burns: A qualitative study

Medical workers’ cognition of using 50% nitrous oxide in children with burns: A qualitative study

A fixed inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture as an analgesic for adult cancer patients with breakthrough pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for analgesia in adult cancer patients with breakthrough pain: A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial

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