Nitrous oxide modifies visual responses in the cat retina, striate cortex and superior colliculus

Mandl, G.; Desai, N. J.; Capaday, Charles

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90173-0

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Concerning direction tuning, most previous studies reported estimates in awake or anesthetized monkeys and cats to fall within a similar range of values [ 45 , 46 , 51 , 55 , 95 , 99 ], although Mandl et al [ 96 ] described that direction-selective responses are more variable under anesthesia. Comparison of two recent studies on mouse visual cortex, each focusing on either the awake or anesthetized state but not in the same mice, suggests indeed a difference in tuning for direction, but not orientation, between the awake and anesthetized state (Andermann et al [ 53 ]: Awake mice, mean OSI = 0.54, mean DSI = 0.45; Marshel et al [ 98 ]: Anesthetized mice, 0.8% Isoflurane and Chlorprothixene, mean OSI = 0.50, mean DSI = 0.26; see also [ 101 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in coding for visual features between awake and anesthetized animals have been studied before, but orientation tuning has generally been thought to remain unaffected by anesthesia [ 45 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 95 ]. Direction selectivity, however, has been reported to be more sensitive to anesthesia [ 96 , 97 ], although no study has, to our knowledge, directly compared parameters describing tuning for movement direction of identical populations of neurons measured in awake and anesthetized animals. The reported changes in direction coding may be dependent on depth, type and method of anesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Ensemble Patterns of Ca2+ Activity in Mouse V1: Reduced Direction Selectivity Independent of Increased Correlations in Cellular Activity

2015

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Anesthesia affects brain activity at the molecular, neuronal and network level, but it is not well-understood how tuning properties of sensory neurons and network connectivity change under its influence. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging we matched neuron identity across episodes of wakefulness and anesthesia in the same mouse and recorded spontaneous and visually evoked activity patterns of neuronal ensembles in these two states. Correlations in spontaneous patterns of calcium activity between pairs of neurons were increased under anesthesia. While orientation selectivity remained unaffected by anesthesia, this treatment reduced direction selectivity, which was attributable to an increased response to the null-direction. As compared to anesthesia, populations of V1 neurons coded more mutual information on opposite stimulus directions during wakefulness, whereas information on stimulus orientation differences was lower. Increases in correlations of calcium activity during visual stimulation were correlated with poorer population coding, which raised the hypothesis that the anesthesia-induced increase in correlations may be causal to degrading directional coding. Visual stimulation under anesthesia, however, decorrelated ongoing activity patterns to a level comparable to wakefulness. Because visual stimulation thus appears to ‘break’ the strength of pairwise correlations normally found in spontaneous activity under anesthesia, the changes in correlational structure cannot explain the awake-anesthesia difference in direction coding. The population-wide decrease in coding for stimulus direction thus occurs independently of anesthesia-induced increments in correlations of spontaneous activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Ensemble Patterns of Ca2+ Activity in Mouse V1: Reduced Direction Selectivity Independent of Increased Correlations in Cellular Activity

2015

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Electroretinographic responses to the addition of nitrous oxide to halothane in rats

Wasserschaff

Schmidt

1986

Doc Ophthalmol

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The electroretinograms of 20 anesthetised but spontaneously breathing rats (Wistar) were recorded over a period of 60 minutes. Two anesthetical procedures were applied to each of these rats respectively: (I) halothane/nitrous oxide/oxygen (2% halothane in 0.81 N2O: 0.41 O2/min) and (II) halothane/nitrogen/oxygen (2% halothane in 0.81 N2: 0.41 O2/min). From the 10th up to the 60th min of anesthesia the ERG amplitudes decreased gradually (I: a-wave 17% and b-wave 14%; II: a-wave 15% and b-wave 12%). Body temperature was experimentally maintained at nearly 37.0 degrees C. Under considerable diminution in both procedures the frequency of respiration was significantly higher under procedure I in the first 20 minutes only. Under procedure I the b-wave amplitudes were significantly higher in contrast to procedure II. This occurred at all applied stimulus intensities (6; 24; 100; 400 and 1600 Lux at the cornea). The a-wave amplitudes and the peak times of the a- and b-waves did not show any significant differences between the two experimental conditions. These ERG responses to nitrous oxide in addition to halothane are discussed on the basis of the respiratory, circulatory and cerebral effects of these anesthetics.

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A high probability of an orientation shift between layers 4 and 5 in central parts of the cat striate cortex

Bauer

1982

Exp Brain Res

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On the postlateral gyrus of the cat striate cortex the cells' preferred orientation was measured as a function of cortical depth in penetrations as parallel as possible to the radial fibre bundles. According to the penetration angle and in agreement with the current model of orientation columns, there was a low orientation drift in layers 2-4. At the transition between layers 4 and 5 an orientation shift of 45-90 deg was found in most penetrations. The orientation differences between adjacent recording sites in lower layers was normally low too, but clearly higher than in upper layers. The results are discussed in terms of more independent orientation mechanisms in upper and lower layers.

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Nitrous oxide modifies visual responses in the cat retina, striate cortex and superior colliculus

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Ensemble Patterns of Ca2+ Activity in Mouse V1: Reduced Direction Selectivity Independent of Increased Correlations in Cellular Activity

Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Ensemble Patterns of Ca2+ Activity in Mouse V1: Reduced Direction Selectivity Independent of Increased Correlations in Cellular Activity

Electroretinographic responses to the addition of nitrous oxide to halothane in rats

A high probability of an orientation shift between layers 4 and 5 in central parts of the cat striate cortex

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