Nitrous oxide emissions from winter oilseed rape cultivation

Ruser, Reiner; Fuß, Roland; Andres, Monique; Hegewald, Hannes; Kesenheimer, Katharina; Köbke, Sarah; Räbiger, Thomas; Quiñones, Teresa Suárez; Augustin, Jürgen; Christen, Olaf; Dittert, Klaus; Kage, Henning; Lewandowski, Iris; Prochnow, Annette; Stichnothe, Heinz; Flessa, Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.07.039

Cited by 38 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…A high share of post‐harvest N 2 O emissions to the total annual N 2 O loss was also reported from Ruser et al. () who measured trace gas fluxes at five study sites representative for German winter oilseed rape production. They explained the high post‐harvest emissions with increased nitrate contents combined with O 2 consumption during the turn‐over of the OSR residues thus favoring N 2 O release from denitrification.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…). Although our measurement period covered only 299 days, the order of magnitude of cumulative emissions was similar to annual emissions reported from OSR fields ( Ruser et al., ) as well as from other arable crops ( Jungkunst et al., ). Between 50–68% of total N 2 O emission were released during the post‐harvest period covering only two months, highlighting the importance of that period for N 2 O budgets in OSR production.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…As shown by Ruser et al. (), NO 3 concentrations in the top soil after OSR harvest slightly decreased but they were obviously still sufficient to enhance N 2 O emissions in the post‐harvest season at five study sites in Germany. Due to the incomplete immobilization of mineral N it can therefore not generally be assumed that OSR crop residues with a high C/N‐ratio reduce N 2 O emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…For a consortium of gas analyzing laboratories including our lab, Ruser et al. () calculated a flux detection limit lower than 22 µg N 2 O‐N m −2 h −1 for 90% of the flux measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous oxide emissions after incorporation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residues under two different tillage treatments

Kesenheimer

Pandeya

Müller

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crop residues from winter oilseed rape on N2O emissions from a loamy soil and to determine the effect of different tillage practices on N2O fluxes. We therefore conducted a field experiment in which crop residues of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., OSR) were replaced with 15N labelled OSR residues. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and 15N abundance in the N2O were determined for a period of 11 months after harvest of OSR and in the succeeding crop winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated on a Haplic Luvisol in South Germany. Measurements were carried out with the closed chamber method in a treatment with conventional tillage (CT) and in a treatment with reduced soil tillage (RT). In both tillage treatments we also determined N2O fluxes in control plots where we completely removed the crop residues. High N2O fluxes occurred in a short period just after OSR residue replacement in fall and after N‐fertilization to winter wheat in the following spring. Although N2O emissions differed for distinct treatments and sub‐periods, cumulative N2O emissions over the whole investigation period (299 days) ranged between 1.7 kg and 2.4 kg N2O‐N ha−1 with no significant treatment effects. More than half of the cumulative emissions occurred during the first eight weeks after OSR replacement, highlighting the importance of this post‐harvest period for annual N2O budgets of OSR. The contribution of residue N to the N2O emission was low and explained by the high C/N‐ratio fostering immobilization of mineral N. In total only 0.03% of the N2O‐N emitted in the conventional tillage treatment and 0.06% in the reduced tillage treatment stemmed directly from the crop residues. The 15N recovery in the treatments with crop residues was 62.8% (CT) and 75.1% (RT) with more than 97% of the recovered 15N in the top soil. Despite our measurements did not cover an entire year, the low contribution of the OSR residues to the direct N2O emissions shows, that the current IPCC tier 1 approach, which assumes an EF of 1%, strongly overestimated direct emissions from OSR crop residues. Furthermore, we could not observe any relationship between tillage and crop residues on N2O emission, only during the winter period were N2O emissions from reduced tillage significantly higher compared to conventional tillage. Annual N2O emission from RT and CT did not differ.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous oxide emissions after incorporation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residues under two different tillage treatments

Kesenheimer

Pandeya

Müller

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…It follows that, if the rainfall event had occurred at the time of the highest soil

{NO}_{3}^{-}

concentrations, the N 2 O emission might have reached higher levels and potentially created a significant difference between treatments with and without DMPP. The haphazardness of precipitation (and the resulting increase in WFPS) in relation to

{NO}_{3}^{-}

availability following fertilization is known as a contributing factor to diverging cumulative N 2 O emissions between years (Ruser et al, ), but could also explain contrasting results between studies with respect to the apparent effects of DMPP in mitigating field‐scale N 2 O emissions. Future field studies addressing this topic should aim at experimentally stimulating N 2 O fluxes in periods of high

{NO}_{3}^{-}

soil concentrations by manipulation of soil water content, in order to quantify the latent emission risk under field conditions in addition to quantifying the emissions under the actual weather conditions prevailing during the study year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DMPP reduced nitrification, but not annual N₂O emissions from mineral fertilizer applied to oilseed rape on a sandy loam soil

2019

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Direct field emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) may determine whether biodiesel from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) fulfills the EU requirement of at least 50% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as compared to fossil diesel. However, only few studies have documented fertilizer N emission factors (EF) and mitigation options for N2O emissions from oilseed rape cropping systems. We conducted a field experiment with three N levels (0, 171, and 217 kg/ha), where the N fertilizer was applied as ammonium sulfate nitrate with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). N2O fluxes were measured using static chambers technique and soil samples were analyzed for water and mineral N content during a monitoring period of 368 days. The DMPP treatments showed a significantly increased level of ammonium (NH4+) for up to 18 weeks after spring fertilization as compared to the treatments without DMPP. However, this difference did not result in a corresponding decrease in NO3- soil content, and no differences in cumulative N2O emissions were found between any fertilized treatments with or without DMPP (mean, 1.26 kg N2O‐N ha−1 year−1). More field experiments are needed to clarify whether DMPP‐coated mineral fertilizers could mitigate N2O emissions under different weather conditions, for example, under conditions where fertilization events concurred with rainfall events increasing water‐filled pore space to the assumed 60% threshold for denitrification. Emission factors for mineral N fertilizer were 0.28%–0.36% with a mean of 0.32% across the fertilized treatments. These data concur with recent European studies suggesting that the EF for mineral N fertilizers in oilseed rape cropping systems may typically be lower than the default IPCC value of 1%. Further studies are needed to consolidate an EF for oilseed rape under temperate conditions, which will be determining for the sustainability of Northern European oilseed rape cultivation for biodiesel.

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Effect of cattle slurry application techniques on N₂O and NH₃ emissions from a loamy soil

Herr

Mannheim²,

Müller

et al. 2019

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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We determined N2O fluxes from an unfertilized control (CON), from a treatment with mineral N‐fertilizer (MIN), from cattle slurry with banded surface application and subsequent incorporation (INC), and from slurry injection (INJ) to silage maize (Zea mays, L.) on a Haplic Luvisol in southwest Germany. In both years, amount of available N (total N fertilized + Nmin content before N application) was 210 kg N ha−1. In the slurry treatment of the 1st year, 140 kg N ha−1 were either injected or incorporated, whereas 30 kg N ha−1 were surface applied to avoid destruction of the maize plants. In the 2nd year, all fertilizers were applied with one single application. We calculated greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) on field level including direct N2O emissions (calculated from the measured flux rates), indirect N2O emissions (NH3 and NO3 - induced N2O emission), net CH4 fluxes, fuel consumption and pre‐chain emissions from mineral fertilizer. NH3 losses were measured in the 2nd year using the Dräger‐Tube Method and estimated for both years. NH3 emission was highest in the treatment without incorporation. It generally contributed less than 5% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from silage maize cultivation. The mean area‐related N2O emission, determined with the closed chamber method was 2.8, 4.7, 4.4 and 13.8 kg N2O‐N ha−1 y−1 for CON, MIN, INC, and INJ, respectively. Yield‐related N2O emission showed the same trend. Across all treatments, direct N2O emission was the major contributor to GHG with an average of 79%. Trail hose application with immediate incorporation was found to be the optimum management practice for livestock farmers in our study region.

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Nitrous oxide emissions from winter oilseed rape cultivation

Cited by 38 publications

References 64 publications

Nitrous oxide emissions after incorporation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residues under two different tillage treatments

Nitrous oxide emissions after incorporation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residues under two different tillage treatments

DMPP reduced nitrification, but not annual N₂O emissions from mineral fertilizer applied to oilseed rape on a sandy loam soil

Effect of cattle slurry application techniques on N₂O and NH₃ emissions from a loamy soil

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Nitrous oxide emissions from winter oilseed rape cultivation

Cited by 38 publications

References 64 publications

Nitrous oxide emissions after incorporation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residues under two different tillage treatments

Nitrous oxide emissions after incorporation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residues under two different tillage treatments

DMPP reduced nitrification, but not annual N2O emissions from mineral fertilizer applied to oilseed rape on a sandy loam soil

Effect of cattle slurry application techniques on N2O and NH3 emissions from a loamy soil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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DMPP reduced nitrification, but not annual N₂O emissions from mineral fertilizer applied to oilseed rape on a sandy loam soil

Effect of cattle slurry application techniques on N₂O and NH₃ emissions from a loamy soil