Nitrous oxide emissions from silage maize fields under different mineral nitrogen fertilizer and slurry applications

Groenigen, J.W. van; Kasper, G.J.; Velthof, G.L.; Dasselaar, A. van den Pol–van; Kuikman, P.J.

doi:10.1023/b:plso.0000047729.43185.46

Cited by 158 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The emission per kg N uptake (EF_uptake) was consistently higher on treatments with cattle slurry application, whereas the emission per kg applied N (EF_applied) provided no consistent effect of cattle slurry application. Similar results were also obtained in experiments on maize, where cattle slurry treatments emitted more N 2 O per kg N uptake than fertiliser-only treatments (van Groenigen et al 2004). Therefore, the emission factor based on N uptake expresses the relatively inefficient N supply of cattle slurry to crop growth better than the emission factors based on N application.…”

Section: Emission Factorssupporting

confidence: 75%

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

et al. 2008

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Fertiliser and manure application are important sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from agricultural soils. The current default IPCC emission factor of 1.0% is independent of the type of fertiliser and manure, and application time, method and rate. However, in the IPCC Tiered system it is possible to use more specific emission factors that better reflect the actual fertiliser and manure management in a given country or region. The first and primary aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of cattle slurry injection with fertiliser application, which is common practice in intensively managed grasslands in the Netherlands and neighbouring countries, warrants an adjusted emission factor. A second aim was to evaluate whether alternative emission factors, based on N uptake and N surplus, respectively, give more insight in the N 2 O emission rates of various fertilisation strategies. In a 2-year field experiment on sandy soil in the Netherlands we measured the annual N 2 O emission from grasslands receiving repeated simultaneous applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry. The N 2 O fluxes and N uptake by grass were measured from plots receiving calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at four application rates, either with or without additional application of liquid cattle slurry, applied through shallow soil injection. The average emission factor for fertiliser-only treatments was 0.15%. The annual N 2 O emissions were similar for treatments receiving only fertiliser or only cattle slurry. In the first experimental year, application of cattle slurry increased the emission factor for fertiliser to 0.35%, but the second year showed no effect of cattle slurry on the emission from fertiliser. With regard to the first objective, we conclude that these results do not conclusively justify an adjusted emission factor for combined application of fertiliser and cattle slurry. To minimise risks however, it is sensible to avoid simultaneous application of fertiliser and cattle slurry. The N 2 O emission factor expressed as percentage of kg N uptake by grass was consistently higher after combined application of fertiliser and cattle slurry (0.29%), compared to fertiliser-only (0.17%). With regard to the second objective we conclude that an emission factor based on N uptake expresses the relatively inefficient N supply of cattle slurry to crop growth better than the traditional emission factor based on N application.

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Section: Emission Factorssupporting

confidence: 75%

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

et al. 2008

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“…Organic manure from the livestock is also applied to the agricultural field as additional fertilizer by farmers, and the influence of applied organic manure on N 2 O emission is still unclear. van Groenigen et al (2004) pointed out that organic manure (slurry) stimulated N 2 O emission via developing an optimum condition for denitrification due to the input of both available N and organic C. However, Meijide et al (2007) found that organic manure reduced N 2 O emission in comparison with application of mineral N fertilizer. Recently, crop straw is being returned to agricultural field according to a regulation of Chinese government.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide emissions from a maize field during two consecutive growing seasons in the North China Plain

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…A stimulation of N 2 O is not always observed, possibly owing to a complex interaction with soil type and soil moisture . According to the Tier 1 approach of the IPCC guidelines (IPCC, 2006), direct N 2 O emissions after land spreading are independent of crop and soil type, and of the type of manure applied, but this is clearly not the case (Van Groenigen et al, 2004;Mosquera et al, 2007;Velthof et al, 2010). When both direct and indirect (because of NH 3 emissions and NO 3 2 leaching) N 2 O emissions are considered, the choice of manure application technique appears to have little impact on overall N 2 O emissions (Velthof et al, 2010).…”

Section: Manure Handling and Treatment For Ghg Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, a reduction of N losses will potentially increase crop yields and thereby reduce emissions per unit product. Apparently, N 2 O emissions increase curvi-linearly when N application rates exceed crop N requirements (Van Groenigen et al, 2004;Cardenas et al, 2010). Similarly, proper timing of application has been shown to influence both direct and indirect N 2 O emissions after land spreading of manures (Weslien et al, 1998; Chambers et al, 2000;Thorman et al, 2007).…”

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Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

133

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Ongoing intensification and specialisation of livestock production lead to increasing volumes of manure to be managed, which are a source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Net emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O result from a multitude of microbial activities in the manure environment. Their relative importance depends not only on manure composition and local management practices with respect to treatment, storage and field application, but also on ambient climatic conditions. The diversity of livestock production systems, and their associated manure management, is discussed on the basis of four regional cases (Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China and Europe) with increasing levels of intensification and priorities with respect to nutrient management and environmental regulation. GHG mitigation options for production systems based on solid and liquid manure management are then presented, and potentials for positive and negative interactions between pollutants, and between management practices, are discussed. The diversity of manure properties and environmental conditions necessitate a modelling approach for improving estimates of GHG emissions, and for predicting effects of management changes for GHG mitigation, and requirements for such a model are discussed. Finally, we briefly discuss drivers for, and barriers against, introduction of GHG mitigation measures for livestock production. There is no conflict between efforts to improve food and feed production, and efforts to reduce GHG emissions from manure management. Growth in livestock populations are projected to occur mainly in intensive production systems where, for this and other reasons, the largest potentials for GHG mitigation may be found.Keywords: methane, nitrous oxide, storage, treatment, farm model ImplicationsLivestock manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as methane and nitrous oxide. GHG emissions are biogenic and regulated by manure characteristics, and therefore emissions can be manipulated via handling, treatment and storage conditions. Globally, livestock production systems vary widely, and this is also true for GHG mitigation potentials, but generally efforts to conserve nutrients in manure for crop production will also reduce GHG emissions. Future growth in livestock production is projected to occur mainly in confined animal feeding operations, which also appear to have the greatest potential for GHG mitigation. IntroductionSince the mid 20th century, there has been a growing pressure on land resources for production of food and feed for livestock and, increasingly, crops for energy production (Hoogwijk et al., 2005). To fulfil the demand for meat, milk and eggs, livestock production in developing countries is expanding, especially in peri-urban areas (Gerber et al., 2005), and worldwide becomes more specialised (Steinfeld et al., 2006). In consequence of these trends, increasing volumes of livestock manure are produced, which are a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing t...

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Nitrous oxide emissions from silage maize fields under different mineral nitrogen fertilizer and slurry applications

Cited by 158 publications

References 21 publications

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

Nitrous oxide emissions from a maize field during two consecutive growing seasons in the North China Plain

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

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