Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation

Reinsch, Thorsten; Malisch, Carsten Stefan; Loges, Ralf; Taube, F.

doi:10.1111/gfs.12496

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…White clover suffered only 6 weeks of drought. The range of dry matter yield observed in this study agrees with the 9-12 Mg ha −1 reported for similar grasslands under similar climatic and soil conditions, depending on the age or soil N status [43,45].…”

Section: Plant Yields Botanical Composition and Soil Residual Nsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The range of N uptake by the grasslands in this study appears to be on the upper side of the range of values (10-450 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) reported by Bessler et al [68]. It appears grass-legume swards are associated with the high N uptake, as corroborated in this study and by Reinsch et al [45]. This has been attributed to species complementarity evident by the development of high root length and root density by grass-legume species [69], leading to low PRN.…”

Section: Soil Mineral N Availability and Plant N Uptakesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The soils at the site are free-draining sandy loam (Appendix A, Table A1), known to have increased infiltration and percolation of urine, leading to increased N losses via leaching [27] and reduced N 2 O emission. Recently, low N 2 O-N EFs (0.12-0.41%), depending on the age of sward and fertilization (slurry) rate, was observed for grass-legume grasslands at the study site [45]. As the current study measured N 2 O emissions for, at least, 100 days, the N 2 O-N EFs could be considered site-specific.…”

Section: N 2 O Emissions and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…However, this method of estimating EF contrasts with the IPCC 2006 guidelines, which requires that background emissions are considered. Nevertheless, this method provides an opportunity to illustrate the impact of legumes on N 2 O emission and might guide the maximal N input for an appreciable level of N 2 O emission from grass-legume swards [45]. The N 2 O EFs from our study were relatively low compared with the revised IPCC default EF of 0.77%.…”

Section: N 2 O Emissions and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

et al. 2021

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pastures can vary significantly depending on soil and environmental conditions, nitrogen (N) input, as well as the plant’s ability to take up the N. We tested the hypothesis that legume-based N sources are characterized by significantly lower emission factors than mineral N based dairy systems. Therefore, this study monitored N2O emissions for a minimum of 100 days and up to two growing seasons across a gradient of plant species diversity. Emissions were measured from both, grazed pastures and a controlled application of urine and dung using the static chamber method. About 90% of the accumulated N2O emissions occurred during the first 60–75 days. The average accumulated N2O emissions were 0.11, 0.87, 0.99, and 0.21 kg ha−1 for control, dung, urine patches, and grazed pastures, respectively. The N uptake efficiency at the excreta patch scale was about 70% for both dung and urine. The highest N2O-N emission factor was less than half compared with the IPCC default (0.3 vs. 0.77), suggesting an overestimation of N2O-N emissions from organically managed pastures in temperate climates. Plant diversity showed no significant effect on the N2O emissions. However, functional groups were significant (p < 0.05). We concluded that legume-containing pasture systems without a fertilizer addition generally appear capable of utilizing nitrogen inputs from excreta patches efficiently, resulting in low N2O emissions.

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Section: Plant Yields Botanical Composition and Soil Residual Nsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Soil Mineral N Availability and Plant N Uptakesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: N 2 O Emissions and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: N 2 O Emissions and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Field sampling was carried out at the Kiel University farm "Lindhof" close to the Baltic Sea (54°27′ N, 9°57′ E, elevation 10 m a.s.l.) [36]. The soil was sandy loam, classified as a Eutric Luvisol, with a texture composition of 11% clay, 29% silt, and 60% sand in the top 30 cm of soil [37].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Effects on Temperate Grassland and Its Implication for Forage Production: A Case Study from Northern Germany

et al. 2021

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The effects of climate change on agricultural ecosystems are increasing, and droughts affect many regions. Drought has substantial ecological, social, and economic consequences for the sustainability of agricultural land. Many regions of the northern hemisphere have not experienced a high frequency of meteorological droughts in the past. For understanding the implications of climate change on grassland, analysis of the long-term climate data provides key information relevant for improved grassland management strategies. Using weather data and grassland production data from a long-term permanent grassland site, our aims were (i) to detect the most important drought periods that affected the region and (ii) to assess whether climate changes and variability significantly affected forage production in the last decade. For this purpose, long-term daily weather data (1961–2019) and the standardized precipitation index (SPI), De Martonne index (IDM), water deficit (WD), dryness index (DI), yield anomaly index (YAI), and annual yield loss index (YL) were used to provide a scientific estimation. The results show that, despite a positive trend in DI and a negative trend in WD and precipitation, the time-series trends of precipitation, WD, and DI indices for 1961–2019 were not significant. Extreme dry conditions were also identified with SPI values less than −2. The measured annual forage yield (2007–2018) harvested in a four-cut silage system (with and without organic N-fertilization) showed a strong correlation with WD (R = 0.64; p ˂ 0. 05). The main yield losses were indicated for the years 2008 and 2018. The results of this study could provide a perspective for drought monitoring, as well as drought warning, in grassland in northwest Europe.

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Overseeding aeschynomene and N fertilization effects on forage characteristics, N fixation, and N₂O‐N emissions of bahiagrass pastures

et al. 2023

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Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana L.) is a warm‐season annual legume forage used in tropical and subtropical regions; however, there is limited information on agronomic and environmental benefits of aeschynomene when overseeded into bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) swards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of overseeding aeschynomene or applying N fertilizer to existing bahiagrass on forage characteristics, atmospheric N fixation, and N2O‐N emissions. The study was conducted in Ona, FL, from April 2019 to March 2021. Treatments were the split‐plot arrangement of bahiagrass‐aeschynomene or bahiagrass monoculture (main plot) and N fertilization level (0 or 60 kg N ha−1; subplot), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Nitrogen fixation was estimated in plots receiving no N fertilization. The static chamber technique was used to estimate N2O‐N emissions. Overseeding aeschynomene did not increase forage accumulation (mean = 1300 kg dry matter [DM] ha−1 harvest−1) or N2O emissions (mean = 15 g N2O‐N ha−1 per day), but increased forage crude protein (CP) concentration (from 98 to 108 g kg−1) when compared to bahiagrass monoculture. Nitrogen fertilization increased forage accumulation (from 1200 to 1400 kg DM ha−1 per harvest) but it did not affect aeschynomene N fixation (84% N derived from atmospheric fixation [Ndfa]). Nitrous oxide emissions had significant temporal variability across all treatments; however, there were no differences in accumulated N2O‐N emissions among treatments (mean = 2.4 kg N2O‐N ha−1 per year). Overseeding aeschynomene is an effective management practice to increase forage CP concentration in pastures without increasing N2O‐N emissions.

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Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Climate Change Effects on Temperate Grassland and Its Implication for Forage Production: A Case Study from Northern Germany

Overseeding aeschynomene and N fertilization effects on forage characteristics, N fixation, and N₂O‐N emissions of bahiagrass pastures

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Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Climate Change Effects on Temperate Grassland and Its Implication for Forage Production: A Case Study from Northern Germany

Overseeding aeschynomene and N fertilization effects on forage characteristics, N fixation, and N2O‐N emissions of bahiagrass pastures

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Overseeding aeschynomene and N fertilization effects on forage characteristics, N fixation, and N₂O‐N emissions of bahiagrass pastures