Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Municipal Landfill

Rinne, Janne; Pihlatie, Mari; Lohila, Annalea; Thum, Tea; Aurela, Mika; Tuovinen, Juha‐Pekka; Laurila, Tuomas; Vesala, Timo

doi:10.1021/es048416q

Cited by 92 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Besides specific case studies in forests (e.g., Pilegaard et al, 2003;Pihlatie et al, 2005b;Eugster et al, 2007), investigations have also been carried out in grasslands (Scanlon and Kiely, 2003;Leahy et al, 2004;Soussana et al, 2007;Zeeman et al, 2010), croplands including rice paddies Alberto et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2010;Du and Liu, 2013), savannas (Hanan et al, 1996;Williams et al, 2004;Hutley et al, 2005;Kutsch et al, 2008;Archibald et al, 2009;Merbold et al, 2009;Bruemmer et al, 2009;Eamus et al, 2013), peatlands (Lafleur et al, 2001;Lund et al, 2010;Brown et al, 2014), landfills (Rinne et al, 2005;Lohila et al, 2007b;McDermitt et al, 2011;Schroth et al, 2012), and Arctic tundra ecosystems (Walker et al, 1998;Vourlitis and Oechel, 1999;Corradi et al, 2005;Eugster et al, 2005;Wille et al, 2008;Sachs et al, 2008;Grant et al, 2011). Only very recently have researchers started to also extend eddy covariance measurements to ever more challenging and less widespread ecosystem types, such as mangroves Jha et al, 2014), deserts (Honrath et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014), intertidal flats (P...…”

Section: Deployments In Different Ecosystem Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Soils are highly complex physical and biological systems, and hence measuring soil gas exchange fluxes with high accuracy and adequate spatial representativity remains a challenge. A technique which has become increasingly popular is the eddy covariance (EC) method. This method takes advantage of the fact that surface fluxes are mixed into the near-surface atmosphere via turbulence. As a consequence, measurements with an EC system can be done at some distance above the surface, providing accurate and spatially integrated flux density estimates. In this paper we provide a basic overview targeting scientists who are not familiar with the EC method. This review gives examples of successful deployments from a wide variety of ecosystems. The primary focus is on the three major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Several limitations to the application of EC systems exist, requiring a careful experimental design, which we discuss in detail. Thereby we group these experiments into two main classes: (1) manipulative experiments, and (2) survey-type experiments. Recommendations and examples of successful studies using various approaches are given, including the combination of EC flux measurements with online measurements of stable isotopes. We conclude that EC should not be considered a substitute to traditional (e.g., chamber based) flux measurements but instead an addition to them. The greatest strength of EC measurements in soil science are (1) their uninterrupted continuous measurement of gas concentrations and fluxes that can also capture short-term bursts of fluxes that easily could be missed by other methods and (2) the spatial integration covering the ecosystem scale (several square meters to hectares), thereby integrating over small-scale heterogeneity in the soil.

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Section: Deployments In Different Ecosystem Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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“…Based on this approach, as shown in Table 12 This approach is similar to that used in a previous study to assess the significance of N 2 O emission in a landfill site (Rinne, et al, 2005). Although NO 3 -could potentially be an effective candidate, because it is vulnerable to leaching in pH neutral soils as a result of percolation, continuous application will be necessary making NH 4 + -based fertilization a more attractive option.…”

Section: -3 230mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils

Semrau¹,

Lee²,

Im³

et al. 2010

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The overall objective of this project, "Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils" was to develop effective, efficient, and economic methodologies by which microbial production of nitrous oxide can be minimized while also maximizing microbial consumption of methane in landfill cover soils. A combination of laboratory and field site experiments found that the addition of nitrogen and phenylacetylene stimulated in situ methane oxidation while minimizing nitrous oxide production. Molecular analyses also indicated that methane-oxidizing bacteria may play a significant role in not only removing methane, but in nitrous oxide production as well, although the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea to nitrous oxide production can not be excluded at this time. Future efforts to control both methane and nitrous oxide emissions from landfills as well as from other environments (e.g., agricultural soils) should consider these issues. Finally, a methanotrophic biofiltration system was designed and modeled for the promotion of methanotrophic activity in local methane "hotspots" such as landfills. Model results as well as economic analyses of these biofilters indicate that the use of methanotrophic biofilters for controlling methane emissions is technically feasible, and provided either the costs of biofilter construction and operation are reduced or the value of CO 2 credits is increased, can also be economically attractive. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6

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“…Although some studies indicate landfill as a source of N 2 O, especially landfills in current operation period and those covered by clay, their results showed N 2 O was of minor significance in comparison with CO 2 and CH 4 (Zhang et al, 2009, Rinne et al, 2005, only sharing 3% of the GWP caused by landfill emissions (Rinne et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 94%

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Municipal Landfill

Cited by 92 publications

References 19 publications

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

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