Nitrous Oxide Emission out of Grassland

Cleemput, Oswald Van; Vermoesen, Annick; Groot, Cornelis-Jan de; Ryckeghem, Karla Van

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_14

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, at certain pH and Eh values, high NO -3 activity enhances its transformation to N2O. Although these results contradict with those obtained by Kroese et al (1989) who found that N2O production is independent on the initial NO -3 content, they appear to fit the observations of many authors (Eichner, 1990;1991;Kralova et al, 1992;Van Cleemput, 1994;Van Cleemput et al, 1994;DeGroot et al, 1994 andVermoesen et al, 1996). Hence, the stability diagrams of nitrate developed in this study support the hypothesis that agricultural soils are responsible for most of N2O in air which attacks the ozone layer as concluded by Mosier and Schinel (1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Chemical Stability of Nitrate in Soils

El-Sebaay

2000

Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering

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The chemical stability of nitrate and its reduction into nitrous oxide or nitrogen gases as end products was theoretically studied using Nernst's equation , under different sets of Eh (0,200 and 400mv) and pH (5, 7 and 9) comparable to those of soils.Calculations using Nernst's equation and published data on ion activities and redox potential declared that nitrate stability is very sensitive to little changes in soil reaction (pH) and/or redox (Eh) values. Nitrate transformation into N2O and N2 goes easier at low than at high pH and Eh values. A decrease of pH by one unit increases the activity of the produced N2O and N2 by 10 10 and 10 12 folds, respectively. Also, their activities increased by 10 11 and 10 16 folds due to decreasing Eh value by 100 millivolts. In addition, when increasing the nitrate activity by 10 folds, the activity of any of the two gases increases by 100 folds. Among the two gases, N2 production was more sensitive than N2O production towards the changes in pH and Eh values.Similar trends were found by other workers as to the effect of pH and Eh on nitrate reductions. Therefore, it is expected that small changes in soil pH and/or Eh can cause important chemical reduction of the applied nitrate fertilizers especially under extensive cropping systems to form N2O gas which shares in the environmental problems through its reaction with the ozone layer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Chemical Stability of Nitrate in Soils

El-Sebaay

2000

Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering

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“…Adding a nitrification inhibitor reduced N 2 O emission from urea, but an urease inhibitor did not reduce N 2 O emissions relative to CAN.A study byHarty et al (2016) in Ireland evaluated the impact of switching fertilizer formulation from CAN to urea based products on grassland (urea, urea + urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and urea + nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide; DCD). The results showed thatN 2 O emissions were highest for CAN, also when the indirect N 2 O emission from ammonia was 6 References: Abbasi and Adams (2000); Ambus et al (2001); Anger et al (2003); Arah et al (1991); Ball et al (2000); Burford et al (1981); Chadwick et al (2000); Christensen (1983), Clayton et al (1994); Clayton et al (1997); Clemens et al (1997);Colbourn and Harper (1987);Colbourn et al (1984);Conrad et al (1983);Dobbie and Smith (2003a);Dobbie et al (1999);Eggington and Smith (1986);Ellis et al (1998);Glatzel and Stahr (2001);Goossens et al (2001);Hénault et al (1998a);Jambert et al (1997);Jørgensen et al (1997);Kaiser et al (1996);Kaiser et al (1998b);Kamp et al (1998);;Misselbrook et al (1998);Mogge et al (1999);Petersen (1999);Rodhe et al (2006);Ryden (1981);Seiler and Conrad (1981);Skiba et al (1992);Skiba et al (1998);Slemr et al (1984);Smith et al (1998a, b);Van Cleemput et al (1994);Webster and Dowdell (1982);Weslien et al (1998);Wulf et al (2002); Yamulki and Jarvis…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils

Velthof

Rietra

2018

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2018. Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils. Wageningen, Wageningen Environmental Research, Report 2921. 58 pp.; 23 fig.; 19 tab.; 166 ref. Lachgas (N 2 O) is een broeikasgas met op mondiaal niveau een aandeel van 6% in de emissies van broeikasgassen. Bemeste landbouwgronden zijn een belangrijke bron van N 2 O. Er is een literatuurstudie uitgevoerd naar N 2 O-emissie uit landbouwgronden met focus op de emissie uit verschillende typen kunstmest en de mogelijkheden om de emissie uit kunstmest te beperken. De N 2 O-emissie uit kunstmest draagt voor 0,8% bij aan de totale broeikasgasemissie in Nederland. Uit de literatuur volgt dat toediening van kunstmest onder gemiddelde en relatief droge omstandigheden in de bodem leidt tot een beperkt risico op N 2 O-emissie voor zowel grasland als bouwland. Het risico op N 2 O-emissie neemt toe als nitraathoudende kunstmeststoffen, zoals kalkammonsalpeter en urean, onder natte omstandigheden aan grasland (alle grondsoorten) en bouwland (met name klei-en veengrond) worden toegediend. Het toedienen van een ammoniummeststof (eventueel met nitrificatieremmer) of ureum onder natte omstandigheden of het uitstellen van bemesting van de nitraathoudende kunstmest tot drogere omstandigheden zijn mogelijkheden om N 2 O-emissie te beperken. De zogenaamde 4R-strategie om de benutting van nutriënten uit meststoffen te verhogen, kan ook leiden tot een lagere N 2 O-emissie, namelijk N-toediening met het juiste type, juiste hoeveelheid, juiste tijdstip en juiste plaats.Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a greenhouse gas contributing to 6% of the global greenhouse effect. Fertilized agricultural soils are a major source of N 2 O. A literature study on N 2 O emission from agricultural soils was carried out focussing on the effect of different types of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers and strategies to mitigate N 2 O emission from fertilizers. The N 2 O emission from mineral N fertilizer application contributes to 0.8% of the total greenhouse gas emission in the Netherlands. The study shows that application of mineral N fertilizer under moderate and relatively dry conditions results in a relatively low risk of N 2 O emission from both grassland and arable land. However, during wet conditions, application of nitrate containing mineral fertilizers such as (calcium) ammonium nitrate and urean to grasslands (all soil types) and arable crops on clay and peat soils increases the risk of N 2 O emission. To decrease the risk of N 2 O emission during wet conditions, an ammonium based fertilizer (possibly with a nitrification inhibitor) or urea can be used. Alternatively, the application of nitrate based fertilizer should be postponed until drier periods. The 4R strategy to increase nutrient use efficiency of fertilizers will also reduce N 2 O emission, i.e., N application with the Right type, at the Right rate, at the Right time, and in the Right place.

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“…Here, we consider issues relating to the statistical analysis of spatially heterogenous cumulative N 2 O flux estimates. This spatial variability has been considered log‐normal at different scales, from plot to paddock to farm to landscape (Oenema, Velthof, Yamulki, & Jarvis, 1997; van Cleemput, Vermoesen, de Groot, & van Ryckeghem, 1994), although normal distributions have also been reported (Petersen, 1999).…”

Section: Statistical Considerations For Heterogeneous Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Statistical considerations, emission factor calculation, and data reporting

Klein

Alfaro²,

Giltrap

et al. 2020

J of Env Quality

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Static chambers are often used for measuring nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes from soils, but statistical analysis of chamber data is challenged by the inherently heterogeneous nature of N 2 O fluxes. Because N 2 O chamber measurements are commonly used to assess N 2 O mitigation strategies or to determine country-specific emission factors (EFs) for calculating national greenhouse gas inventories, it is important that statistical analysis of the data is sound and that EFs are robustly estimated. This paper is one of a series of articles that provide guidance on different aspects of N 2 O chamber methodologies. Here, we discuss the challenges associated with statistical analysis of heterogeneous data, by summarizing statistical approaches used in recent publications and providing guidance on assessing normality and options for transforming data that follow a non-normal distribution. We also recommend minimum requirements for reporting of experimental and metadata of N 2 O studies to ensure that the robustness of the results can be reliably evaluated. This includes detailed information on the experimental site, methodology and measurement procedures, gas analysis, data and statistical analyses, and approaches to generate EFs, as well as results of ancillary measurements. The reliability, robustness, and comparability of soil N 2 O emissions data will be improved through (a) application, and reporting, of more rigorous methodological standards by researchers and (b) greater vigilance by reviewers and scientific editors to ensure that all necessary information is reported in scientific publications.

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Nitrous Oxide Emission out of Grassland

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Chemical Stability of Nitrate in Soils

Chemical Stability of Nitrate in Soils

Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils

Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Statistical considerations, emission factor calculation, and data reporting

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Nitrous Oxide Emission out of Grassland

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Chemical Stability of Nitrate in Soils

Chemical Stability of Nitrate in Soils

Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils

Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Statistical considerations, emission factor calculation, and data reporting

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Global Research Alliance N₂O chamber methodology guidelines: Statistical considerations, emission factor calculation, and data reporting