Nitrous oxide emission from urine-treated soil as influenced by urine composition and soil physical conditions

Groenigen, J.W. van; Kuikman, P.J.; Groot, W.J.M. de; Velthof, G.L.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.009

Cited by 163 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…When manipulating urine patch size and N loading rate, but maintaining the same total amount of N applied, no differences were found in cumulative N 2 O emissions or emission factors, which is similar to the findings of van Groenigen et al (2005a). However, cumulative N 2 O emissions and emission factors were significantly greater from four small urine patches than from one large urine patch, when applied at 800 kg N/ha.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This is similar to the finding of Selbie et al (2014), who found a curvilinear increase in cumulative N 2 O emissions on increasing N loading rate. However, increasing urine N loading rate had no effect on the fraction of N 2 O produced under laboratory (van Groenigen et al 2005a) and field conditions (van Groenigen 2005b;Dai et al 2013;Luo et al 2013). However, urine-derived N 2 O emission factors have also been shown to decrease (Selbie et al 2014) or increase alongside N loading rate (Singh et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Disentangling the effect of sheep urine patch size and nitrogen loading rate on cumulative N2O emissions

2016

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Abstract. Ruminant urine nitrogen (N) concentration and volume are important parameters influencing the size and N loading rate of urine patches deposited to soil. Such parameters can influence N cycling and emissions of the greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from grazed grassland, yet, there is limited information on the effect of these parameters within typical ranges reported for sheep. We used an automated, high-frequency gas monitoring system to investigate N 2 O emissions from varying urine N application rates and patch sizes under field conditions. Using artificial sheep urine, we manipulated urine N concentration to provide two urine N application rates (4 and 16 g N/L; equivalent to 200 and 800 kg N/ha). We investigated the effect of urine patch size with equal N application rates (4 · 125 cm 2 vs 500 cm 2 , at 200 and 800 kg N/ha) and the effect of patch size with unequal N application rates, but the same total amount of N applied (62.5 mL over 125 cm 2 at 800 kg N/ha and 250 mL over 500 cm 2 at 200 kg N/ha). Cumulative emissions of N 2 O generally increased with N loading rate, whether applied as one large urine patch or four smaller ones. Cumulative N 2 O emissions increased when the N was applied in four smaller urine patches compared with one large patch; this difference was significant at 800 kg N/ha, but not at 200 kg N/ha. When the total amount of N applied was held constant (1 g of N), the amount of N 2 O released was similar when urine was applied as a high N concentration small patch (800 kg N/ha) compared with a low N concentration large patch (200 kg N/ha). Urine N 2 O emission factors in this study were, on average, 10 times lower than the IPCC default of 1% for sheep excreta. This research clearly demonstrates that the chemical and physical nature of the urine patch influences N 2 O emissions, yet further research is required to gather more data on typical sheep urine volumes (individual and daily), urination frequency, urine N concentrations and the typical volumes of soil influenced by urine deposition, to provide more accurate estimates of emissions from sheep grazed pastures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Disentangling the effect of sheep urine patch size and nitrogen loading rate on cumulative N2O emissions

2016

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“…Consequently, this led to increased anaerobiosis which is favorable for N 2 O production by denitrification (Renault and Sierra 1994;van Groenigen et al 2005;Bhandral et al 2007). Moreover, our results showed that the DEA increased after compression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction stimulates denitrification in an urban park soil using 15N tracing technique

Deng

Rensing

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Soils in urban areas are subjected to compaction with accelerating urbanization. The effects of anthropogenic compaction on urban soil denitrification are largely unknown. We conducted a study on an urban park soil to investigate how compaction impacts denitrification. By using 15 N labeling method and acetylene inhibition technique, we performed three coherent incubation experiments to quantify denitrification in compacted soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Uncompacted soil was set as the control treatment. When monitoring soil incubation without extra substrate, higher nitrous oxide (N 2 O) flux and denitrification enzyme activity were observed in the compacted soil than in the uncompacted soil. In aerobic incubation with the addition of K 15 NO 3 , N 2 O production in the compacted soil reached 10.11 ng N h −1 g −1 as compared to 0.02 ng N h −1 g −1 in the uncompacted soil. Denitrification contributed 96 % of the emitted N 2 O in the compacted soil and 36 % of the emitted N 2 O in the uncompacted soil; total denitrification rate was higher in the compacted soil (up to 79.35 ng N h −1 g −1 ) than in the uncompacted soil (0.11 ng N h −1 g −1 ). Under anaerobic incubation with the addition of K 15 NO 3 , no statistical difference in total N losses and 15 N-(N 2 O+N 2 ) flux between the uncompacted soil and the compacted soil was detected. Compaction promoted soil denitrification and may impact urban N biogeochemical cycling.

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“…This hypothesis is based on current knowledge that a wide range of plant secondary metabolites are excreted in urine (Lane et al, 2006;Estell, 2010) and that glucosinolates, a major group of secondary compounds in brassicas, and their degradation products were found to act as a nitrification inhibitor when directly added to soil (Bending and Lincoln, 2000;Snyder et al, 2010). van Groenigen et al (2005) also suggested that diet manipulation as a mitigation strategy for reducing N 2 O emissions due to its effect on urine composition.…”

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung from sheep fed either fresh forage rape (Brassica napus L.) or fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Luo

Sun

Pacheco

et al. 2015

Animal

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In New Zealand, agriculture is predominantly based on pastoral grazing systems and animal excreta deposited on soil during grazing have been identified as a major source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Forage brassicas (Brassica spp.) have been increasingly used to improve lamb performance. Compared with conventional forage perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a common forage in New Zealand, forage brassicas have faster growth rates, higher dry matter production and higher nutritive value. The aim of this study was to determine the partitioning of dietary nitrogen (N) between urine and dung in the excreta from sheep fed forage brassica rape (B. napus subsp. oleifera L.) or ryegrass, and then to measure N 2 O emissions when the excreta from the two different feed sources were applied to a pasture soil. A sheep metabolism study was conducted to determine urine and dung-N outputs from sheep fed forage rape or ryegrass, and N partitioning between urine and dung. Urine and dung were collected and then used in a field plot experiment for measuring N 2 O emissions. The experimental site contained a perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on a poorly drained silt-loam soil. The treatments included urine from sheep fed forage rape or ryegrass, dung from sheep fed forage rape or ryegrass, and a control without dung or urine applied. N 2 O emission measurements were carried out using a static chamber technique. For each excreta type, the total N 2 O emissions and emission factor (EF3; N 2 O-N emitted during the 3-or 8-month measurement period as a per cent of animal urine or dung-N applied, respectively) were calculated. Our results indicate that, in terms of per unit of N intake, a similar amount of N was excreted in urine from sheep fed either forage rape or ryegrass, but less dung N was excreted from sheep fed forage rape than ryegrass. The EF3 for urine from sheep fed forage rape was lower compared with urine from sheep fed ryegrass. This may have been because of plant secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates in forage rape and their degradation products, are transferred to urine and affect soil N transformation processes. However, the difference in the EF3 for dung from sheep fed ryegrass and forage rape was not significant.Keywords: Excreta, N partitioning, sheep, brassicas, nitrous oxide ImplicationsNitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from soil are one of the main components of greenhouse gases in the agricultural sector and animal excreta have been identified as a major source of these emissions. Our study showed that feeding forage rape reduced the N 2 O-N emission factor (EF3; N 2 O-N emitted during the 3-month measurement period as a per cent of animal excreta N applied) for sheep urine by about 60%, compared with feeding perennial ryegrass. This finding is significant for developing mitigation measures to reduce EF3 for animal urine. Further study needs to be conducted under different soil and climate conditions to confirm this finding. IntroductionIn New Zealand, agriculture is predominantly based on g...

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Nitrous oxide emission from urine-treated soil as influenced by urine composition and soil physical conditions

Cited by 163 publications

References 44 publications

Disentangling the effect of sheep urine patch size and nitrogen loading rate on cumulative N2O emissions

Disentangling the effect of sheep urine patch size and nitrogen loading rate on cumulative N2O emissions

Compaction stimulates denitrification in an urban park soil using 15N tracing technique

Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung from sheep fed either fresh forage rape (Brassica napus L.) or fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

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