Nitrous acid (HONO) in a polluted subtropical atmosphere: Seasonal variability, direct vehicle emissions and heterogeneous production at ground surface

Xu, Zheng; Wang, Tao; Wu, Jueqi; Xue, Likun; Chan, James C. C.; Zha, Qiaozhi; Zhou, Shengzhen; Louie, Peter K.K.; Luk, Connie W.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.061

Cited by 126 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For the largest size bin of 200–1000 nm, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 447 nm may lead to overestimation in surface area. Our previous measurement of the particle size distribution with more size bins at a suburban site in Hong Kong [ Guo et al , ; Xu et al , ] showed that the surface area‐weighted mean diameter for 200–1000 nm particles was around 290 nm, and the surface area contributed by particles larger than 400 nm accounted for less than 15% of the total surface area for most of the time. Therefore, a mean diameter of 282 nm (GMD for 200–400 nm) was used to determine the aerosol surface area of 200–1000 nm particles in the present work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China

et al. 2016

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Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) plays potentially important roles in atmospheric chemistry, but its abundance and effect are not fully understood due to the small number of ambient observations of ClNO2 to date. In late autumn 2013, ClNO2 was measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) at a mountain top (957 m above sea level) in Hong Kong. During 12 nights with continuous CIMS data, elevated mixing ratios of ClNO2 (>400 parts per trillion by volume) or its precursor N2O5 (>1000 pptv) were observed on six nights, with the highest ever reported ClNO2 (4.7 ppbv, 1 min average) and N2O5 (7.7 ppbv, 1 min average) in one case. Backward particle dispersion calculations driven by winds simulated with a mesoscale meteorological model show that the ClNO2/N2O5‐laden air at the high‐elevation site was due to transport of urban/industrial pollution north of the site. The highest ClNO2/N2O5 case was observed in a later period of the night and was characterized with extensively processed air and with the presence of nonoceanic chloride. A chemical box model with detailed chlorine chemistry was used to assess the possible impact of the ClNO2 in the well‐processed regional plume on next day ozone, as the air mass continued to downwind locations. The results show that the ClNO2 could enhance ozone by 5–16% at the ozone peak or 11–41% daytime ozone production in the following day. This study highlights varying importance of the ClNO2 chemistry in polluted environments and the need to consider this process in photochemical models for prediction of ground‐level ozone and haze.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China

et al. 2016

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“…This station is characterized as a polluted receptor site as it receives urban plumes from Hong Kong under easterly winds and regional air masses from the PRD region when northerly winds prevail, and is the location where the maximum O 3 levels are usually recorded in Hong Kong (Xue et al, 2014b). Details of this station and analyses of HONO and aerosol data have been described in our previous publications (Xu et al, 2015;Xue et al, 2014b;Zhou et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode

et al. 2016

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We analyze a photochemical smog episode to understand the oxidative capacity and radical chemistry of the polluted atmosphere in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A photochemical box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.2) is constrained by an intensive set of field observations to elucidate the budgets of RO x (RO x = OH+HO 2 +RO 2 ) and NO 3 radicals. Highly abundant radical precursors (i.e. O 3 , HONO and carbonyls), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) facilitate strong production and efficient recycling of RO x radicals. The OH reactivity is dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), followed by aromatics, alkenes and alkanes. Photolysis of OVOCs (except for formaldehyde) is the dominant primary source of RO x with average daytime contributions of 34-47 %. HONO photolysis is the largest contributor to OH and the second-most significant source (19-22 %) of RO x . Other considerable RO x sources include O 3 photolysis (11-20 %), formaldehyde photolysis (10-16 %), and ozonolysis reactions of unsaturated VOCs (3.9-6.2 %). In one case when solar irradiation was attenuated, possibly by the high aerosol loadings, NO 3 became an important oxidant and the NO 3 -initiated VOC oxidation presented another significant RO x source (6.2 %) even during daytime. This study suggests the possible impacts of daytime NO 3 chemistry in the polluted atmospheres under con-ditions with the co-existence of abundant O 3 , NO 2 , VOCs and aerosols, and also provides new insights into the radical chemistry that essentially drives the formation of photochemical smog in the high-NO x environment of Hong Kong and the PRD region. recycling (e.g. OH→RO 2 →RO→HO 2 →OH) and produce O 3 and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) .

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“…However, it is known that non-road diesel engines are not regulated by the US EPA and are exempt from fuel requirement and exhaust gas aftertreatment and as a consequence there can be large differences in emissions between different engines and operating modes (Watson et al, 2008). In terms of traffic related HONO emissions the recent publication by Xu et al 2015 appears to be more relevant. They report HONO/NO x ratios in fresh plumes (NO/NO x > 0.80), with the range of 0.5-1.6% for conditions in Hong Kong.…”

Section: Hono/no Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Letter to the Editor on Wormhoudt, J.; Wood, E.; Knighton, W.; Kolb, C.; Herndon, S.; Olaguer, E. 2015. Vehicle emissions of radical precursors and related species observed in the 2009 SHARP campaign; J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 65: 699–706

Rappenglück

Lubertino

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Nitrous acid (HONO) in a polluted subtropical atmosphere: Seasonal variability, direct vehicle emissions and heterogeneous production at ground surface

Cited by 126 publications

References 59 publications

Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China

Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China

Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode

Letter to the Editor on Wormhoudt, J.; Wood, E.; Knighton, W.; Kolb, C.; Herndon, S.; Olaguer, E. 2015. Vehicle emissions of radical precursors and related species observed in the 2009 SHARP campaign; J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 65: 699–706

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