Nitrosamines as Environmental Carcinogens

Lijinsky, William; Epstein, Samuel S.

doi:10.1038/225021a0

Cited by 660 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…32 One hypothetical mechanism suggests that hydrochlorthiazide as a cyclic imide can be converted in the stomach to a mutagenic nitroso derivative. 33,34 A recent small study 35 have shown that in hypertensive patients chronic diuretic use is associated with a significant decrease in red blood cell foliate concentration (and increase in serum homocysteine concentration). Triamterene-a potassium-sparing agent widely used alone or in combination with other diuretics, which had been found to be positive for mutagenicity and antifolate activity in several in vitro (but not in vivo) assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term diuretic therapy in patients with coronary disease: increased colon cancer-related mortality over a 5-year follow-up

et al. 2001

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Objectives: Recent studies have suggested that longterm diuretic therapy may be associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. This carcinoma is not a common malignancy, but it shares risk factors with the considerably more widespread colon cancer (CC). However, there are no data whether or not a relationship between long-term diuretic therapy and CC mortality exists. In this study we tested the hypothesis that longterm diuretic therapy may be associated with increased CC mortality over a 5.6-year follow-up period. Subjects and methods: The study sample comprised 14 166 patients aged 45 to 74 years with a previous myocardial infarction and/or stable anginal syndrome, screened for participation in the bezafibrate infarction prevention (BIP) study. There were 2153 patients receiving diuretics and 12 013 patients receiving no diuretics. Results: During the follow-up 139 (6.5%) new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the diuretic-treated group compared with 622 (5.2%) in the group receiving no

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term diuretic therapy in patients with coronary disease: increased colon cancer-related mortality over a 5-year follow-up

et al. 2001

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“…I 9'"* 'à""å ^Withdrawal 9 à"--à" à" à" à""**à" 4 Withdrawal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 1112 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 1112 13 14 15 Day Day nitrate-and nitrite-N in the egg exponentially decreased and these anions finally resulted in the normal level. An empirical formula for the anion decreases is y-d=(ys-a)e -kt (2) where y is the concentration of nitrate-or nitrite-N in the egg at time t (day) after withdrawal, ys and a are the same as in Eq. (1) (2).…”

Section: S P E C I F I C D E T E R M I N a T I O N O F N O 3 A N Dn Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific determination of nitrate and nitrite of chicken egg by gas-liquid chromatography with special reference to the turnover of these anions in laying hens.

Tanaka¹,

Fujimoto²,

Nose³

et al. 1984

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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Nitrate and nitrite were successfully extracted from deproteinized chicken egg with aqueous solution, and analyzed by gasliquid chromatography with an electron capture detector without further cleaning. The distribution of these anions in 50 egg samples was the logarithmic normal distribution in each case, that is, N(2J96 (=0.063ppm), 0.295) and /?{0.052ppm<^< 0.076ppm}=0.95 for nitrate-TV, and N(2.470 (=0.030ppm), 0.227) and >{0.026ppmNO2ãnd NO2-~>NO3p roceed simultaneously in the body of chickens.Chicken egg is one of the most popular and important foods, and is abundant in nitrogen. In the previous paper,1} we reported a sensitive and practical determination for trace amounts ofnitrite in egg ranging from 0.01 to 0.ll ppm.The toxicity of nitrite towards humans has been noticed,2'3) and therefore the turnover and behaviour of nitrate-and nitrite-N in egg due to the nitrogen source in a diet are of great interest. Because of the difficulty in determining the nitrate-and nitrite-N in egg, the distribution and behaviour of these anions in egg have been hardly reported. Wehave developed a specific method for nitrate determination besides nitrite by introducing a pentafluorobenzoyl ester of 4-nitro-2-^c-butylphenol, which is very sensitive in gas chromatographic analysis with an electron capture detector (GLC-ECD).4) Applying the proposed method, the distribution of nitrate-and nitrite-N in egg was statistically analyzed, and the turnover of these anions in eggs obtained from laying hens during and after feeding with various levels of these anions was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals. NaNO2and KNO3were dried at 1 10°C for 1 hr under vacuum immediately before use. A stock nitrate or nitrite solution wasprepared to give a concentration of 1 /ig/ml of nitrate-or nitrite-N in distilled water. 2-secButylphenol solution (5%, w/v) and pentafluorobenzoyl' chloride (PFB-C1) for use in the determination of nitrate-N were prepared as described previously.4) The reagents used for the determination of nitrite-N were as described previously.5>6) The deproteinising solutions A and B (NH4SCN+HgCl2 and Zn(CH3COO)2) were also prepared as before.7) All other reagents and solvents were of special high purity and obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries.Equipment and GCconditions. A Shimadzu GC-7 AG gas chromatograph with an ECD(63Ni) was used for all analysis. The GCconditions for nitrate-N and nitrit...

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“…An empirical formula for the anion decreases is y-a=(Ys-a)e-kt (2) where y is the concentration of nitrate-or nitrite-N in the egg at time t (day) after withdrawal, Ys and a are the same as in Eq.…”

Section: Turnover Of Nitrate and Nitrite In Eggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite of Chicken Egg by Gas-Liquid Chromatography with Special Reference to the Turnover of These Anions in Laying Hens

Tanaka¹,

Fujimoto²,

Nose³

et al. 1984

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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Nitrosamines as Environmental Carcinogens

Cited by 660 publications

References 15 publications

Long-term diuretic therapy in patients with coronary disease: increased colon cancer-related mortality over a 5-year follow-up

Long-term diuretic therapy in patients with coronary disease: increased colon cancer-related mortality over a 5-year follow-up

Specific determination of nitrate and nitrite of chicken egg by gas-liquid chromatography with special reference to the turnover of these anions in laying hens.

Specific Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite of Chicken Egg by Gas-Liquid Chromatography with Special Reference to the Turnover of These Anions in Laying Hens

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