Nitrosamines and water

Direct Determination of N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in Ethanolamines by LC-MS-MS

“…These ethanolamines are bifunctional compounds allowing for wide spread use in the chemical industry as a components in detergents, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics [1,2]. Ethanolamines are hydrophilic in nature and most of the alcohols making them ideal for use as surfactants, either alone or esterified.…”

A Rapid, Validated RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Seven Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Meat

“…Nitrosamines form a large group of genotoxic chemical carcinogens which occur in the human diet and other environmental media [1] [2], and can be formed endogenously in the human body [3]. N-nitroso compounds can induce cancer in experimental animals [4].…”

“…There are a great number of scientific papers reported in the literature on the presence of volatile nitrosamines in food matrices. In general, these methods recommend the extraction of nitrosamines from the food matrix by extraction methods, including distillation (steam, vacuum, or atmospheric) [13]- [15], solvent extraction [1], solid-phase extraction [16], solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) [17], autoclave extraction [18], and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [19]. Most of the methods comprise two or more clean-up steps, depending on the nitrosamine, the food matrix, and the detection device, and recommend that nitrosamine formation during sample preparation should be inhibited by adding sulfamic acid, ascorbate, or other nitrosation inhibitors [20].…”

“…Several analytical methods have been employed in the past for the quantitative determination of nitrosamines in food, including colorimetry, spectrophotometry [21], polarography [22], capillary electro-chromatography [23], micellar electro-kinetic capillary chromatography [24], gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, nitrogen phosphorous detection, thermal energy detection, nitrogen chemiluminescence detection [25]- [28], and mass spectrometry detection [29]- [31], high-performance liquid chromatography with thermal energy analyzer, mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chemiluminescence method, and chromatography-mass spectrometry [3] [32]. Commonly, there include identical procedures for sample preparation: extraction of N-nitrosamines from a sample (steam or vacuum distillation), multiple extractions of N-nitrosamines from the distillate with methylene chloride, preconcentration by evaporation, and direct analysis for chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemiluminescence method [1] [20]. No scientific papers reported using the Reverse-Phase HPLC method and direct UV detection when extracting N-nitrosamines by autoclave treatment.…”

“…N-nitrosamines are separated from the sample matrix using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The N-nitroso bond is cleaved by UV photolysis with the formation of nitrite ion then the nitrite is diazotized with sulfanilamide in an acid medium (according to the Griess reaction), and is then coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) to form a purple-coloured azo dye that is quantitatively determined spectrophotometrically at a maximum wavelength, λ max , of 540 nm [1] [32].…”