Nitrogenous preference of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae) from field and laboratory experiments

Howard, Meredith D.A.; Cochlan, William P.; Ladizinsky, N.; Kudela, Raphael M.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2006.06.003

Cited by 122 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Garrison et al (1992) reported that P. australis produced DA during the exponential phase, but concluded that the results could be biased due to the very dense starting inoculum, which might have stressed the algae and, hence, enhanced DA production. P. australis grown on urea produced DA when growing exponentially, but the exponential growth rate of P. australis was significantly lower when grown on urea compared to nitrate and ammonium (Howard et al, 2007). Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima (identity not certain) produced DA throughout the exponential phase, but the production was substantially higher in the late stationary phase (Adams et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tThe toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata was exposed directly and indirectly (separated by a membrane) to copepods, Calanus hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus, to evaluate the effects of the copepods on domoic acid production and chain formation in P. seriata. The toxicity of P. seriata increased in the presence of the copepods. This response was chemically mediated without physical contact between the organisms suggesting that it was induced by potential waterborne cues from the copepods or changes in water chemistry. Domoic acid production may be related to defense against grazing in P. seriata although it was not shown in the present study. To evaluate if the induction of domoic acid production was mediated by the chemical cues from damaged P. seriata cells, live P. seriata cells were exposed to a P. seriata cell homogenate, but no effect was observed. Chain formation in P. seriata was affected only when in direct contact with the copepods. This study suggests that the presence of zooplankton may be one of the factors affecting the toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods

et al. 2015

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“…A number of previous studies have demonstrated that DA production can be influenced by a large number of factors, including pH (Lundholm et al 2004;Trimborn et al 2008), P, Si (Bates et al 1991;Pan et al 1998), Fe, Cu (Maldonado et al 2002) and N speciation (Howard et al 2007). Our study strongly suggests that CO 2 availability also needs to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of changing pCO₂ and phosphate availability on domoic acid production and physiology of the marine harmful bloom diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multiseries

Sun

Hutchins

Feng

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

169

129

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Some members of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid (DA), which through trophic transfer causes mass mortalities of wildlife, shellfish harvesting closures, and risks to human health. Nutrient and micronutrient limitation have been shown to regulate DA production. This study tested the hypothesis that changing partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) can interact with nutrient limitation to help determine cellular DA levels, an environmentally relevant issue in light of current increases in atmospheric pCO 2 . Cultures of the toxic species Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries were incubated using semicontinuous methods under a matrix of three pCO 2 conditions: , 22 Pa (220 ppm), , 41 Pa (400 ppm), and , 74 Pa (730 ppm), and two phosphate concentrations: 20 mmol L 21 , P-replete; and 0.5 mmol L 21 , P-limited. DA production was regulated by both pCO 2 and phosphate availability. DA concentrations were 30-50 times higher in P-limited cultures compared to Preplete ones, at the same pCO 2 levels. Increasing CO 2 levels stimulated DA production under both nutrient conditions, but especially in P-limited cultures, where DA levels increased approximately four times over the pCO 2 range examined. Growth rates, primary productivity, photosynthesis vs. irradiance parameters, and cellular elemental ratios also responded interactively to the availability of both CO 2 and phosphate. Our results raise the possibility that growth rates and toxicity of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries could increase substantially in the future high-CO 2 ocean, suggesting a potentially escalating negative effect of this harmful algal bloom species on the future marine environment.

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“…showed equal growth on NO 3 ⎯ and NH 4 + , but reduced growth on urea, with the latter culture containing the highest DA (Armstrong Howard et al 2007). This is unlike any of the present cultures, except Pn-12 (P. fraudulenta).…”

Section: Growth Versus Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many Pseudo-nitzschia culture studies present results from one strain (Bates et al 1991, Douglas & Bates 1992, Hillebrand & Sommer 1996, Pan et al 1996a,b, Fehling et al 2004, Armstrong Howard et al 2007. Others compare one strain of multiple species (Jackson et al 1992, Maldonado et al 2002, Fehling et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and interspecies differences in growth and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia while using different nitrogen sources

2009

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Clonal cultures of plankton are widely used in laboratory experiments and have contributed greatly to knowledge of microbial systems. However, many physiological characteristics vary drastically between strains of the same species, calling into question our ability to make ecologically relevant inferences about populations based on studying one or a few strains. This study included nineteen non-axenic strains of three species of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia isolated primarily from the mid-Atlantic coastal region of the United States.Toxin (domoic acid) production and growth rates were measured in cultures using different nitrogen sources (NH 4 + , NO 3 ⎯ and urea) and growth irradiances. The strains exhibited broad differences in growth rate and toxin content even between strains isolated from the same water sample. The influence of bacteria on toxin production was not investigated. Both P. multiseries clones produced toxin, yet preferentially used different nitrogen sources. Only two out of nine P. calliantha and two out of five P. fraudulenta isolates were toxic and domoic acid content varied by orders of magnitude. All three species had variable intraspecies growth rates on each nitrogen source, but P. fraudulenta strains had the broadest range. Light-limited growth rate and maximum growth rate in P. fraudulenta and P. multiseries varied with species. These findings show the importance of defining intra-and interspecies variability in ecophysiology and toxicity.Ecologically relevant functional diversity in the form of ecotypes or cryptic species appears to be present in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.

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Nitrogenous preference of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae) from field and laboratory experiments

Cited by 122 publications

References 37 publications

Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods

Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods

Effects of changing pCO₂ and phosphate availability on domoic acid production and physiology of the marine harmful bloom diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multiseries

Intra- and interspecies differences in growth and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia while using different nitrogen sources

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Nitrogenous preference of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae) from field and laboratory experiments

Cited by 122 publications

References 37 publications

Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods

Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods

Effects of changing pCO2 and phosphate availability on domoic acid production and physiology of the marine harmful bloom diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multiseries

Intra- and interspecies differences in growth and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia while using different nitrogen sources

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Effects of changing pCO₂ and phosphate availability on domoic acid production and physiology of the marine harmful bloom diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multiseries