Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts formation and nitrogen origin exploration during chloramination of nitrogenous organic compounds

Yang, Xin; Fan, Chihhao; Shang, Chii; Zhao, Quan

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.029

Cited by 157 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other selected LMWOAs (the four saturated carboxylic acids and one aromatic acid) formed more TCM than DCAA during chloramination, indicating the molecular characteristics of LMWOAs impacted the formation of TCM and DCAA. [18,20,21]. It is known that DCAN and TCAN can hydrolyze to form DCAcAm and TCAcAm respectively, which can themselves further hydrolyze to form DCAA and TCAA, respectively ( Figure S2) [44].…”

Section: C-dbp Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, recent studies have reported that chloramines may provide the nitrogen in HANs and HNMs, during reactions with organic nitrogen precursors [18,19]. And, it was found that non-nitrogenous lignin phenols and chloroacetaldehyde could react with chloramines to form dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and chloroacetonitrile, respectively [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The formation of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products from non-nitrogenous low-molecular weight organic acids during chloramination

Chu

Bond

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Low-molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are widespread in nature, and many are recalcitrant during conventional drinking water treatment, due to their LMW and hydrophilic character. This study assessed the formation of a range of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from the chloramination of seven non-nitrogenous LMWOA precursors, with an emphasis on the contribution of N-chloramine incorporation to haloacetamide (HAcAm) formation. The other DBPs comprised chlorinated halomethanes, haloacetonitriles and haloacetic acids. Citric acid generated higher yields of trichloromethane and two chloroacetic acids than the other LMWOAs. Further, the unsaturated acids (fumaric acid and itaconic acid) formed more chloroacetic acids than saturated acids (oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid). Importantly, non-nitrogenous LMWOAs formed three nitrogenous DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, and small amounts of dichloroacetonitrile) during chloramination, firstly indicating the monochloramine can supply the nitrogen in nitrogenous DBPs, and the formation of haloacetamides at least in part is independent of the hydrolysis of haloacetonitriles. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time formation of halogenated nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) has been reported from chloramination of non-nitrogenous LMWOA precursors. This indicates that concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen compounds in drinking water are not a reliable surrogate for formation of N-DBPs during chloramination. Bromine incorporation factor increased with increasing bromide during chloramination of citric acid, and bromine was easier to incorporate into di-HAcAms than mono-and tri-HAcAms during chloramination.

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Section: C-dbp Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products from non-nitrogenous low-molecular weight organic acids during chloramination

Chu

Bond

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…amino acid oxidation proceeding via the nitrile pathway). Another study found that over 90% of the nitrogen in CNCl came from monochloramine when Suwannee River NOM was chloraminated (3 days, pH 6.6), something which also applied to DCAN formation under the same conditions [111].…”

Section: Cyanogen Halides (Cnx) and Their Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water––A critical review and analysis

Bond

Templeton

Graham

2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

246

107

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“…In addition, both 1,1-DCP and 1,1,1-TCP could also be decomposed due to the base-catalyzed hydrolysis so that the formation of both C-DBPs decreased as pH increased from 5 to 9. It should be mentioned that the formation of TCNM is much favored at pH 7 (38.8 µg/L) instead of at pH 9 (34.7 µg/L), which might attribute to the higher removal of TCNM precursors by •OH radicals at more acidic conditions [46,47].…”

Section: Effect Of Chlorine Dose and Solution Ph On The Mineralizatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of chlortoluron during UV irradiation and UV/chlorine processes and formation of disinfection by-products in sequential chlorination

Guo

Lin

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts formation and nitrogen origin exploration during chloramination of nitrogenous organic compounds

Cited by 157 publications

References 23 publications

The formation of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products from non-nitrogenous low-molecular weight organic acids during chloramination

The formation of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products from non-nitrogenous low-molecular weight organic acids during chloramination

Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water––A critical review and analysis

Degradation of chlortoluron during UV irradiation and UV/chlorine processes and formation of disinfection by-products in sequential chlorination

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