Biological
nitrogen fixation, a process unique to diazotrophic
prokaryote, is catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex. There has been
a long-standing interest in reconstituting a nitrogenase biosynthetic
pathway in a eukaryotic host with the final aim of developing N2-fixing cereal crops. In this study, we report that a nitrogenase
biosynthetic pathway (∼38 kb containing 15 genes) was assembled
in two individual one-step methods via in vivo assembly
and integrated at δ and HO sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome. Of the 15 genes,
11 genes (nifB, nifH, nifD, nifK, nifE, nifN, nifX, hesA, nifV, groES, groEL) were from Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78 and 4 genes (nifS, nifU, nifF, nifJ) were from Klebsiella oxytoca. The 15-gene nitrogenase
biosynthetic pathway was correctly assembled and transcribed in the
recombinant S. cerevisiae. The NifDK tetramer with
an identical molecular weight as that of P. polymyxa was formed in yeast and the expressed NifH exhibited the activity
of Fe protein. This study demonstrates that it will be possible to
produce active nitrogenase in eukaryotic hosts.