Nitrogenase (a Key Enzyme): Structure and Function

Choudhary, Devendra Kumar; Varma, Ajit

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64982-5_14

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The study highlights the signi cance of nitrogenase, which converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, meeting the plant's nitrogen requirements and promoting plant growth through nitrogen xation. In the process of nitrogen xation, the inosine 5'-phosphate degradation pathways are involved, and the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which plants then utilize for their metabolic nitrogen [135]. Bacteria generate ammonia, which is transformed into L-glutamine, an amino acid, and incorporated into IMP, a purine synthesized de novo during nitrogen xation in plant roots [136].…”

Section: Microbiome Functional Protein Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Push-pull Cropping System Shifts Rhizosphere and Maize-root Microbiome Diversity Paving Way To Resilient Farming System

Jalloh,

Khamis,

Yusuf

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The rhizosphere biota consists of a complex assembly of microbial communities and other organisms that vary significantly across farming systems and influence soil health and plant productivity. How different cropping systems manipulates soil and plant microbiomes is little understood. In this study, we investigated soil physicochemical properties, rhizosphere and maize-root microbiomes in an agroecological cereal-legume companion cropping system known as push-pull technology (PPT) which has been in use in farmer fields for over two decades for insect-pest management, soil health improvement, and weed control in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared this with the maize-monoculture (Mono) cropping system. Results: PPT cropping system positively impacted the abundance and diversity of soil and maize-root microbial communities and influenced soil physicochemical characteristics compared to Mono. Specific genera of both bacterial and fungal communities drove the variation in diversity of the microbial communities in these cropping systems. Soil and maize-root from the PPT cropping system had enriched Trichoderma, Mortierella, and Bionectria fungal genera while Streptomyces, RB41, and Nitrospira, among other bacterial genera linked to essential ecosystem services like plant protection, decomposition, carbon utilization, production of bioinsecticides, nitrogen fixation, nematode suppression, phytohormone production, and bioremediation. Bacterial from the genus Bryobacter linked to plant pathogenesis was more abundant in Mono-root. Similarly, fungal genera such as Gibberella, Neocosmospora, and Aspergillus, linked to plant pathogenesis and food contamination, were abundant in Mono. Notable differences were observed in the overall diversity of metabiome functional protein pathways, such as syringate degradation, L-methionine biosynthesis I, and inosine 5'-phosphate degradation. Conclusion: Push-pull cropping system improves soil physicochemical properties and shifts soil and maize-root microbiomes in farmer fields in favour of microbial communities involved in important ecological services. The current findings add to the diversification of ecosystem services provided by this cropping system where it is practiced and contributes to the system’s resilience and functional redundancy. Underpinning the mechanism through PPT affects the soil and maize-root microbial communities – whether it is through the influence of plant metabolites from the intercrop root exudates or is the alteration of the soil nutritional status which affects microbial enzymatic activities should be the future focus.

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Section: Microbiome Functional Protein Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Push-pull Cropping System Shifts Rhizosphere and Maize-root Microbiome Diversity Paving Way To Resilient Farming System

Jalloh,

Khamis,

Yusuf

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In symbiotic association, nodule forming rhizobia produces nitrogenase enzyme complex in the presence of leghemoglobin molecules and convert N 2 into ammonium and nitrate ions which are readily absorbed by the plants. In return, plant hosts the bacteria inside the root nodules and provide photosynthates such as C that rhizobia uses as an energy source (Wang et al, 2013;Choudhary and Varma, 2017).…”

Section: Use Of Nitrogen Fixing Pgpms As Biofertilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Beneficial Microorganisms for Soil Amelioration, Phytopathogen Biocontrol, and Sustainable Crop Production in Smallholder Agroecosystems

Koskey¹,

Mburu²,

Awino³

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Smallholder agroecosystems play a key role in the world's food security providing more than 50% of the food produced globally. These unique agroecosystems face a myriad of challenges and remain largely unsupported, yet they are thought to be a critical resource for feeding the projected increasing human population in the coming years. The new challenge to increase food production through agricultural intensification in shrinking per capita arable lands, dwindling world economies, and unpredictable climate change, has led to over-dependence on agrochemical inputs that are often costly and hazardous to both human and animal health and the environment. To ensure healthy crop production approaches, the search for alternative ecofriendly strategies that best fit to the smallholder systems have been proposed. The most common and widely accepted solution that has gained a lot of interest among researchers and smallholder farmers is the use of biological agents; mainly plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) that provide essential agroecosystem services within a holistic vision of enhancing farm productivity and environmental protection. PGPMs play critical roles in agroecological cycles fundamental for soil nutrient amelioration, crop nutrient improvement, plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, biocontrol of pests and diseases, and water uptake. This review explores different research strategies involving the use of beneficial microorganisms, within the unique context of smallholder agroecosystems, to promote sustainable maintenance of plant and soil health and enhance agroecosystem resilience against unpredictable climatic perturbations.

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“…N-fixing prokaryotes fix atmospheric dinitrogen gas into ammonia using a relatively conserved nitrogenase complex consisting of a dinitrogen synthase, a dinitrogen synthase reductase, and metal co-factors ( Bulen and LeComte, 1966 ). Dinitrogen synthases can be divided into three groups based on the binding of different metal ions by active site co-factors: molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase (the major nitrogenase component in N-fixing bacteria and archaea), vanadium nitrogenase, and iron (Fe) nitrogenase ( Choudhary and Varma, 2017 ). The dinitrogen synthase Mo nitrogenase is formed from the nifD and nifK gene products, and dinitrogen synthase reductase is a homodimer of the nifH gene product ( Shah and Brill, 1977 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological nitrogen fixation in cereal crops: Progress, strategies, and perspectives

Guo

Yang

et al. 2023

Plant Communications

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Nitrogenase (a Key Enzyme): Structure and Function

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Long-term Push-pull Cropping System Shifts Rhizosphere and Maize-root Microbiome Diversity Paving Way To Resilient Farming System

Long-term Push-pull Cropping System Shifts Rhizosphere and Maize-root Microbiome Diversity Paving Way To Resilient Farming System

Potential Use of Beneficial Microorganisms for Soil Amelioration, Phytopathogen Biocontrol, and Sustainable Crop Production in Smallholder Agroecosystems

Biological nitrogen fixation in cereal crops: Progress, strategies, and perspectives

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