Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Annual and Perennial Crops

Carranca, Corina

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4500-1_3

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It has been estimated that 55 % of water pollution in the EU is caused by agriculture (Kersebaum et al 2003), since losses of N and P are responsible for water quality impairment in lakes and rivers (Potter et al 2006). Less than 50 % of the amount of mineral N applied with fertilizations is taken up by woody plants, depending on fertilizer efficiency, plant and soil type, climatic conditions and agricultural practices (Carranca 2012). The detrimental impact of agriculture on the environment can be reduced by an appropriate management of fertilization aimed to minimize nutrient losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fertilization in nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchard combines nutrient management and pollution impact

Baldi

Marcolini

Quartieri

et al. 2016

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Recycled organic fertilizers may be used to replace chemical source of nutrients; however, some nutrients such as nitrogen and heavy metals released by mineralization can become potential pollutants. The objective of this experiment was to compare, over a 3-year-period of time, the effectiveness of two organic fertilizers (cow manure and compost) with a traditional mineral fertilizer on soil fertility, tree nutritional status, heavy metal concentration in soil and plant in a mature nectarine orchard. Trees were subjected, since their plantation (made in 2001) to the following treatments: (1) mineral fertilization (including nitrogen at 130 kg ha -1 year -1 );(2) cow manure (5 t DW year -1 ha -1 ); (3) compost (5 t DW year -1 ha -1 ). Soil organic matter and total nitrogen concentration increased as a consequence of compost application. Soil nitrate concentration was increased by mineral fertilizer and compost applications. In summer, macro and micro nutrient concentrations in leaves were not affected by treatments with the exception of N that was increased by mineral fertilization. At the end of the season, leaf N, K and Zn were remobilized to storage organs, while Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Mn accumulated in abscised leaves and returned to the soil, with no differences among treatments. Nitrogen and K were found principally in fruit flesh. With the exception of Cu and Zn, the concentration of heavy metals in leaves and fruits was below detection limits. Total and DTPA-extractable heavy metals in soil were not increased by organic fertilization if compared with mineral fertilizer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fertilization in nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchard combines nutrient management and pollution impact

Baldi

Marcolini

Quartieri

et al. 2016

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…Although N is the key element in increasing productivity and the increase of agricultural food production worldwide over the past four decades, a small fraction of this fertilizer is taken up by the plant [7], being 33% for wheat [8]. Poor N recovery is a function of N flows to competing pathways such as gaseous N losses, leaching and biological immobilization and in-efficiencies in crop N uptake and utilization [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of split application of different N rates on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Belete

Dechassa

Molla³

et al. 2018

Agric & Food Secur

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Background: Bread wheat is an important staple and cash crop grown by smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is constrained by low soil fertility and poor nitrogen fertilizer management in the area. For example, there is limited information on optimum rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application in the area. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) under rain-fed condition to determine the effect of N fertilizer rate and timing of application on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat. Factorial combinations of three N levels and five application times plus one control were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results: The optimum grain yield (6060.04 kg ha −1) was recorded when 240 kg N ha −1 was applied ¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting, and it showed no significant additional response to N fertilizer above this rate. Higher N level (360 kg N ha −1) always increased N content in the grain and nitrogen uptake by wheat crop. The best recovery of nitrogen (59.74%) by wheat was found when 120 kg of nitrogen was applied (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting). The nitrogen use efficiency traits decreased with increased N rate (120-360 kg N ha −1) indicating poor N utilization. The split application of nitrogen (¼ at sowing, ½ at tillering and ¼ at booting) produced the highest nitrogen use efficiency traits. Conclusion: The application of 240 kg N ha −1 in three split doses (T 5) was required to obtain optimum wheat yield. In addition, increasing the rate of nitrogen beyond 120 kg N ha −1 decreased nitrogen use efficiency traits.

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“…However, the strength of the method is its flexibility in the comparison of different crops and cropping systems and the whole-plant approach applicable at field level, which should make the method a useful tool for example in the validation of plant breeding progress or management techniques targeting improvements of crop NUE. Possible applications are therefore in crop improvement programs (e.g., crop breeding) and cropping systems research with focus on both improved yields and environmental performance, for which crop NUE is important [1][2][3][4][5]. Thus, particularly with the improvements presented here and when applying the NUE calculation tool, the NUE method [6] should now be easy to use in various experimental and agro-ecological contexts where assessment of NUE is desired e.g., for the validation of techniques to improve the NUE of crops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, N-efficient crops will be important for OPEN ACCESS maintaining or improving crop yields in the future [1][2][3]. Crops are often fertilized with large amounts of N fertilizer, but only a small fraction of this fertilizer (roughly 5% to 50%, e.g., [4]) is taken up by the plants. Applied N not taken up by the crop or immobilized in the soil by e.g., microorganisms is lost by volatilization, denitrification, leaching and runoff, and can cause serious environmental problems [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prerequisite for any improvement of overall NUE of crops grown in different agro-ecosystems is the appropriate assessment of NUE and its underlying components using methods that allow fair comparisons across different crops, varieties, experimental setups and agro-ecological environments. Many different approaches for assessing NUE have been published during the last few years (reviewed in [4,6]). Moll et al [7] developed an agronomic approach based on cereals and separated NUE into the components N uptake efficiency and N utilization efficiency; and Ågren [8] presented the ecological concept of N productivity that in principle applies to all growing plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Calculation Tool for Analyzing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Annual and Perennial Crops

Weih

2014

Agronomy

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Assessment of crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important in agricultural research. Various approaches exist to analyze NUE. A recently proposed NUE concept is further developed and a calculation tool for practical use presented. A critical component in the NUE concept is the plants' mean nitrogen (N) content during the main growth period (N'). The N' is delimited by the critical crop phenology stages initiating and terminating accelerated crop N uptake. Especially when experimental treatments and/or crop cultivars cause great variation in phenology, it is often not feasible to perform destructive plant harvests at the critical phenology stages for all treatments and cultivars, which may result in inaccurate estimates of N' and, ultimately, the NUE components N uptake efficiency and yield-specific N efficiency. A method is proposed to accurately calculate the crop N contents at the relevant critical phenology stages even when sampling is made at other time points. The only requirements are two separate destructive plant harvests performed within the main growth period, together with the time points for the critical phenology events. The method was exemplified using data from wheat and the perennial energy crop Salix, and an electronic calculation tool for the various NUE components is provided.

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Annual and Perennial Crops

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Organic fertilization in nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchard combines nutrient management and pollution impact

Organic fertilization in nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchard combines nutrient management and pollution impact

Effect of split application of different N rates on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A Calculation Tool for Analyzing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Annual and Perennial Crops

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