Nitrogen Use Efficiency among Diverse Sorghum Cultivars

Gardner, John C.; Maranville, J. W.; Paparozzi, Ellen T.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400030023x

Cited by 75 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…As for sweet sorghum nitrogen uptake, the data reported in Table 5 highlight the high nitrogen uptake efficiency and the good capacity of this species to remove nitrogen available in the soil, as reported also by other authors (Gardner et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nitrogen Balance During Sweet Sorghum Cropping Cycle as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilization Rate

Lovelli¹,

Monteleone²,

Posca³

et al. 2008

Ital J Agronomy

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A two-year trial was carried out on sweet sorghum, grown in semi-arid environments of southern Europe. The trial was aimed to monitor the main components of the crop N-balance under different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilization rates, in factorial combination. A rainfed condition (only one watering soon after sowing) was compared with a deficit irrigation regime and a full irrigation treatment (50 and 100% restoration of total crop water consumption, respectively) in a similar way, an unfertilized control was tested with respect to N application rates of 60 and 120 kg ha -1 , respectively. Crop nitrogen uptake always showed to be the highest N-balance components and was included in the range of 125-194 kg ha -1 during 1997-1998, with respect to the total shoot biomass, according to the nitrogen fertilization rate; consequently, it significantly reduced both nitrogen concentration in the soil solution and the total nitrogen loss due to drainage. Nitrogen concentration in the drainage water didn't result to be strictly dependent on the rate of fertilizer applied but on the actual soil nitrogen content; the maximum registered value of total nitrogen lost by leaching was 1.9 kg ha -1 . Differently, total nitrogen loss due to volatilisation was proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied; irrigation favourably reduced this kind of loss. The limited amount of N-volatilisation loss was probably due to the neutral pH soil conditions; as an order of magnitude, referring to the highest fertilized but rainfed treatment, the utmost N-volatilisation loss was equal to 5.5 Kg ha -1 , as an average over the three years, that is to say less than the 5% of the fertilization rate. A fertilisation rate of 120 Kg ha -1 of nitrogen, together with water application, generally produced a balance between crop N-uptake and total N-loss due to volatilisation and drainage (only the stalk biomass was considered in this calculation). Lower rates of fertilizing nitrogen, indeed, determined a depletion in the soil nitrogen content because of the high crop biomass and the strong N-uptake by the crop, while rainfed conditions at the highest fertilization rate generally established a N-surplus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nitrogen Balance During Sweet Sorghum Cropping Cycle as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilization Rate

Lovelli¹,

Monteleone²,

Posca³

et al. 2008

Ital J Agronomy

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“…Moreover, sorghum is a crop with good nitrogen use efficiency (Gardner et al, 1994). For the same reason, the lack of response to nitrogen application is a common phenomenon observed in this crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a two-year sugar beet-sweet sorghum rotation to an agronomic management approach diversified by soil tillage and nitrogen fertilisation

et al. 2014

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Conservative agriculture and nitrogen fertilisation have been evaluated for the purpose of assessing their impact on the sustainability of a cropping system based on a two-year rotation with two crops considered for the bio-ethanol supply chain: sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The experimental activity started in 2009 in Foggia (Apulia, southern Italy). We discuss the results obtained in the 2010-2011 period. Soil minimum tillage (MT) vs no tillage (NT) combined with two doses of nitrogen fertilisation (75 and 150 kg ha -1 of mineral nitrogen as ammonium nitrate) were compared. The experimental system, which is still operational (soil tillage plus nitrogen fertilisation), was arranged with a split-plot design with three replicates. Treatments were applied on the same plots every year with both crops present at the same time. At the first harvest in 2010, no difference was observed. As to the second year, the comparison between NT vs MT treatments showed that sugar beet had lower total yield (35 vs 42 t ha -1 ), dry biomass (10 vs 14 t ha -1 ), and sucrose yield (6.7 vs 8.2 t ha -1 ). Total soluble solids, on average 19%, were not influenced by the experimental treatments. Nitrogen (N) control was less productive than the fertilised treatments (average between N75 and N150) in terms of total fresh root yield (32 vs 42 t ha -1 ), dry biomass (10 vs 14 t ha -1 ), and sucrose yield (6.0 vs 8.1 t ha -1 ). As with sugar beet, during the second year, also sweet sorghum sown in NT vs MT plots had a reduced yield, although the difference was more marked for fresh biomass (-35%) than for dry biomass (-20%). No interaction in terms of soil tillage nitrogen fertilisation occurred.In summary, in the first two-year period (2010-2011) of the experimental trial, no tillage soil management showed decreased yields of both crops. Sugar beet displayed a higher sensitivity to the lack of nitrogen supply than sweet sorghum. IntroductionMost areas of the Mediterranean basin are characterised by a negative water balance, a short and irregular rainy season, extreme temperatures in the summer, loss of organic matter, poor structuring of the soil, high salinity. These areas are often exposed to water and/or wind erosion, and desertification processes (Kassam et al., 2012).Some agricultural practices, mainly soil tillage and crop residue management, can exacerbate these conditions, therefore agronomic research suggests adopting techniques like no tillage and/or minimum tillage, which do not disturb the soil and retain or improve its chemical and physical properties.The adoption of conservation agricultural practices favours a balanced distribution of fertilisers, meets crop nutrient requirements, and offers an efficient management of irrigation water (Kassam et al., 2012;Scopel et al., 2013). Among the soil management systems, reduced soil tillage can contribute to the reduction of erosion, the maintenance and/or improvement of soil fertility as well as the increase of bi...

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“…A cereal such as sorghum can substitute for maize in areas with low water supply and serve those geographical areas with food. Sorghum also has high nitrogen utilization efficiency, thereby cutting expenses in fertilizer 28 . However, if seed proteins lack digestibility and certain essential amino acids, it would have to be supplemented by other crops that lack drought resistance and require energy-costly nitrogen, such as soya beans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation in the seed storage protein kafirin creates a high-value food trait in sorghum

Yuan

Guo

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

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Sustainable food production for the earth's fast-growing population is a major challenge for breeding new high-yielding crops, but enhancing the nutritional quality of staple crops can potentially offset limitations associated with yield increases. Sorghum has immense value as a staple food item for humans in Africa, but it is poorly digested. Although a mutant exhibiting high-protein digestibility and lysine content has market potential, the molecular nature of the mutation is previously unknown. Here, building on knowledge from maize mutants, we take a direct approach and find that the high-digestible sorghum phenotype is tightly linked to a single-point mutation, rendering the signal peptide of a seed storage protein kafirin resistant to processing, indirectly reducing lysine-poor kafirins and thereby increasing lysine-rich proteins in the seeds. These findings indicate that a molecular marker can be used to accelerate introduction of this high nutrition and digestibility trait into different sorghum varieties.

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency among Diverse Sorghum Cultivars

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrogen Balance During Sweet Sorghum Cropping Cycle as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilization Rate

Nitrogen Balance During Sweet Sorghum Cropping Cycle as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilization Rate

Response of a two-year sugar beet-sweet sorghum rotation to an agronomic management approach diversified by soil tillage and nitrogen fertilisation

Mutation in the seed storage protein kafirin creates a high-value food trait in sorghum

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