Nitrogen Supply Affects Yield and Grain Filling of Maize by Regulating Starch Metabolizing Enzyme Activities and Endogenous Hormone Contents

Yue, Kai; Li, Lingling; Xie, Junhong; Liu, Yaoquan; Xie, Jianhui; Anwar, Sumera; Fudjoe, Setor Kwami

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.798119

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…In this line, the highest maize yield was obtained with a N rate of 360 kg/ha in early spring planting and 300 kg/ha in late spring sowing (Coelho et al, 2022). Also, similar results were reported by Yue et al (2022) they noticed that more FIGURE 4 | PCA analysis shows the correlations between agronomic traits and NUE traits according to the N fertilization levels and application time over 2 years. Diagrams are defined by the first two axes of the PCA of the different variables (n = 3); Axis1 (64% of variance explained) and Axis2 (26.4% of variance explained), where T 1 (50% of N at each of sowing and 1st irrigation), T 2 (50% of N at each of sowing and 2nd irrigation) and T 3 (50% of N at each of 1st and 2nd irrigation).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

et al. 2022

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Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as affected by nitrogen application levels and timing were studied. The experimental design was a three-replication randomized complete block design (RCBD). The first factor was nitrogen levels (122, 240, 288 and 336 kg N/ha) and the second factor was nitrogen timing (50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the first irrigation; T1, 50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T2 and 50% of N before the first irrigation and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T3). Results indicated that plant height, ear length, kernel weight, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yields all increased significantly as nitrogen levels increased and the level of 336 kg N/ha significantly exhibiting the highest values in both seasons. In terms of nitrogen application time, maize yield parameters such as plant height, ear length, kernel weight/ear, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yield were significantly affected by nitrogen timing, with the highest values obtained at T3 while the lowest values obtained at T1 in both seasons. The interaction had a significant impact on plant height and grain yield/ha, with the tallest plants, the highest yields and its components observed at 336 kg N/ha, with 50% of N applied during the first irrigation and 50% of N applied during the second. Furthermore, under the study conditions, NUE decreased dramatically as nitrogen levels increased and increased significantly as nitrogen application time changed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

et al. 2022

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“…The interaction of PBDEs and AATs may facilitate the transport of both amino acids and PBDEs, which leads to double-edged effects of the plant resistance (the positive side) and the bioaccumulation of PBDEs (the negative side). Plant roots initiated a “cry for help” strategy, such as increasing the synthesis of amino acids, to cope with pollutant-induced oxidative stresses. − The synthesized amino acids can be transported to shoots through vascular tissues via intercellular movement mediated by AAT carriers such as LHT. ,,, This pathway enables plant shoots to receive the necessary amino acid supply. The high metabolic flux of amino acids in rice plants were proposed to activate these AATs, which can modulate the (un)loading and localization of amino acids as well as PBDEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Transporter as a Potential Carrier Protein for the Root-to-Shoot Translocation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Rice

Chen

Wang

Zhu

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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As typical persistent organic pollutants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) tend to accumulate in edible parts of rice, posing great ecological and health risks. The translocation of PBDEs from underground to aboveground parts of rice is a crucial procedure to determine the final bioaccumulation level. Herein, this study aimed to identify the transporter proteins for PBDEs in rice plants in order to strengthen our understanding of the bioaccumulation mechanism and the potential prevention strategy of the PBDE risk. Similar time-dependent patterns were observed among the root-to-shoot translocation factors (TFs) of PBDEs, the expression of lysine histidine transporter (LHT) protein, and the relative levels of LHT substrates (phenylalanine or tyrosine), implying the potential co-transport of PBDEs, phenylalanine, and tyrosine by the carrier LHT. Fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism showed that PBDE congeners interfered with LHT via static fluorescence quenching and changes in the protein’s secondary structure. The in vitro sorption fraction of LHT to PBDEs, as revealed by sorption equilibrium analysis, was comparable to the in vivo TF values. Knockout of OsLHT1 in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology caused a 48.2–78.4% decrease in PBDE translocation. Molecular docking simulation suggested that PBDEs, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were inserted into the same ligand-binding cavity of LHT, substantiating the potential carrier role of LHT for PBDEs from a conformational perspective. Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis demonstrated that the ether-bond oxygen and the carbons at the site 4 and 4′ of PBDE molecules are significant determinants of the binding affinity with the LHT protein and in vivo translocation of PBDEs. In summary, this study discovered that LHT acts as the cellular carrier for PBDEs and offered a comprehensive molecular explanation for the bioaccumulation and translocation of PBDEs in rice plants, covering both biological and chemical perspectives. These findings fill in a knowledge gap on the endogenous transporter proteins for exogenous organic pollutants.

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“…Previous studies have shown that GBSS, SBE and SSS are key enzymes in starch synthesis [ 39 ] and that changes in the activities of these enzymes could be divided into unimodality and bimodality after nitrogen fertilizer application in different stages [ 23 , 40 ]. Nitrogen fertilizer can alter transcriptional expression of key enzyme genes in crops and key enzyme activities for starch synthesis to increase starch content [ 41 , 42 ]. In this study, key enzyme activity (GBSS, SBE and SSS) and relative expression of key enzyme genes ( NnGBSS , NnSBEI , NnSBEII and NnSSSIV ) under SCU and RCU treatments all changed according to unimodal curves, which was consistent with rice results [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods

Zhu

Deng

et al. 2023

Plants

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Slow-release fertilizer is an environmentally friendly fertilizer that is widely used in crop cultivation instead of traditional nitrogen fertilizer. However, the optimal application time of slow-release fertilizer and its effect on starch accumulation and rhizome quality of lotus remains unclear. In this study, two slow-release fertilizer applications (sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, SCU, and resin-coated urea, RCU) were fertilized under three fertilization periods (the erect leaf stage, SCU1 and RCU1; the erect leaf completely covering the water stage, SCU2 and RCU2; and the swelling stage of lotus rhizomes, SCU3 and RCU3) to study the effects of different application periods. Compared with CK (0 kg∙ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer), leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) remained at higher levels under SCU1 and RCU1. Further studies showed that SCU1 and RCU1 increased yield, amylose content, amylopectin and total starch, and the number of starch particles in lotus, and also significantly reduced peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback viscosity of lotus rhizome starch. To account for these changes, we measured the activity of key enzymes in starch synthesis and the relative expression levels of related genes. Through analysis, we found that these parameters increased significantly under SCU and RCU treatment, especially under SCU1 and RCU1 treatment. The results of this study showed that the one-time application at the erect leaf stage (SCU1 and RCU1) could improve the physicochemical properties of starch by regulating the key enzymes and related genes of starch synthesis, thus improving the nutritional quality of lotus rhizome. These results provide a technical choice for the one-time application of slow-release fertilizer in lotus rhizome production and cultivation.

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Nitrogen Supply Affects Yield and Grain Filling of Maize by Regulating Starch Metabolizing Enzyme Activities and Endogenous Hormone Contents

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

Amino Acid Transporter as a Potential Carrier Protein for the Root-to-Shoot Translocation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Rice

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods

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