Nitrogen status and mineralization in natural and disturbed mediterranean forests and coppices

Rapp, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00009393

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…For instance, many authors did not find significant changes with respect to prebum conditions (e.g., Kovacic et al, 1986;White, 1986;Rapp, 1990; this study). Several others have reported decreases in topsoil total N and, sometimes, in the C/N ratio (e.g., SJohn & Rundel, 1976;DeBano & Conrad, 1978;DeBano et al, 1979;Kutiel & Naveh, 1987;Herman & Rundel, 1989), whereas others found significant increases that were related to leaching of the ashed and charred materials (Stock & Lewis, 1986).…”

Section: Changes In Surface Soil Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…We found no immediate (1-2 weeks) differences in soil nitrate concentrations after the gorse-scrubland fire (Figure \e), which is the most common result in Mediterranean-type shrublands with medium to low organic matter content in the upper soil horizon, such as the California chaparral (Christensen, 1973;Dunn et al, 1979). However, nitrate decreases are sometimes found [e.g., Rapp (1990) after prescribed burning of an alepo pine forest in southern France], and increases can occur when high organic matter levels are present (Mroz et al, 1980). Soil nitrate levels almost invariably increase shortly after a fire (Christensen, 1973;Rundel, 1983;Kutiel & Naveh, 1987;Herman & Rundel, 1989;Rapp, 1990, among many others), which has been associated with enhanced microbial mineralization and nitrification (Arianoutsou & Margaris, 1982;White;1986;Herman & Rundel, 1989).…”

Section: Changes In Surface Soil Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Mobilization of nutrients by fire in a semiarid gorse‐scrubland ecosystem of Southern Spain

Carreira

Niell

1995

Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation

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The effect of fire on ash deposition, litter ignition, and short-term changes in soil nutrient availability and erosion losses was studied after prescribed burning of a semiarid, gorse-scrubland ecosystem of SE Spain. Ash deposition added important amounts of P and cations but negligible amounts of N to the soil. The water-soluble fraction was only 3% for P added in ash but represented 20-60% for cations (Ca, K, Na). On a weight per area basis, 63% of the litter mass and 43% of the litter total N pool were lost by ignition during the fire. However, no significant changes were found for litter P and cations. Litter C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios significantly decreased. A sharp increase in the concentrations of labile P fractions and exchangeable cations was found in surface soils immediately after the fire. However, this fertilization effect lasted only a few weeks at most. Soil total and mineral N showed no significant differences immediately after the fire. Following the first important rain, nitrate concentrations increased sharply from 5 to above 20 μg NO 3 --N g -1 throughout a 3-month sampling period; whereas NH 4 + concentrations decreased. Total erosion losses during that period were significantly higher in the burned and the clipped plots (734 and 845 kg ha -1 , respectively) than in the control plot (46 kg ha -1 ). Erosion debris leaving the burned plot showed the highest nutrient concentrations shortly after the fire, particularly for total and water-soluble P. Such high initial concentrations tended to decrease progressively until they ranked with those found in the clipped plot for equivalent sampling periods. Total nutrient erosion losses from the clipped and burned plots were up to 1 order of magnitude higher than those from the control plot. Although total mass losses were higher after clipping, erosion removed 20% more N and 60% more P from the burned than from the clipped plot, which relates to the higher nutrient concentrations in debris originated at the burned plot. Data strongly suggest the nonconservative character of fire as a mineralizing agent in these steep, semiarid, oligotrophic ecosystems, and point out the risk of soil fertility depletion and desertification that high fire frequency imposes onto these areas.

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Section: Changes In Surface Soil Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Changes In Surface Soil Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

Mobilization of nutrients by fire in a semiarid gorse‐scrubland ecosystem of Southern Spain

Carreira

Niell

1995

Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation

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“…Ash can be rich in NH: and authors have reported substantial increases in surface soil NH: contents immediately following fire , Kovacic et al 1986, Rapp 1990, Klopatek et al 1990). However, we found no immediate changes in soil NH: after the prescribed bum, agreeing with other studies of medium to low intensity bums (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This is a common result in Mediterranean-type shrublands with medium to low organic matter levels in the upper soil horizon such as the California chaparral (Christensen 1973). However, soil NO, almost invariably increases a few weeks after fire (Christensen 1973, Kutiel & Naveh 1987, Rapp 1990) which is probably related to enhanced microbial mineralization and nitrification (Arianoutsou & Margaris 1982, Herman & Rundel 1989). In our study, net nitrification clearly increased in burned vs. unburned samples collected following the wild-fire in a gorse-scrubland (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soil nitrogen availability and nitrification in Mediterranean shrublands of varying fire history and successional stage

1994

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Abstract. The short-term effect of a single fire, and the long-term effect of recent fire history and successional stage on total and mineral N concentration, net nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification were evaluated in soils from a steep semi-arid shrubland chronosequence in southeast Spain. A single fire significantly increased soil mineral N availability and net nitrification. Increasing fire frequency in the last few decades was-associated with a sharp decrease in surface soil organic matter and total N concentrations and pools, and with changes in the long-term N dynamic patterns. The surface-soil extractable NH: :NO; ratio increased throughout the chronosequence. All net mineralized N in laboratory incubations from all sites was converted to nitrate, suggesting that allelochemic inhibition of net nitrification is probably not important in this system. Net nitrification in samples during incubation increased through the sere. The maximum rate of net nitrification (k,,,& increased through the first three stages of the sere. A linear relationship was found between total soil N and N mineralization, and both k,, and net nitrification for the first three stages of the sere, suggesting that total N and ammonification are likely to be the control mechanisms of nitrification within the sere. The oldest site exhibited the lowest specific k -and the highest potential soil respiration rate suggesting that a lower N quality and increasing competition for ammonium might also limit nitrification at least in the long-unburned garrigue site.

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“…Soil ammonium concentrations generally increased two to seven times over pre-fire levels following a fire, and most effects were short lived, being less than 2 years (Chorover et al 1994). In addition, most studies showed that soil nitrate pools increased two to five times after fire, with one exception where soil nitrate increased 44 times after a Mediterranean forest fire (Rapp 1990). There are conflicting results about whether N mineralization rates are enhanced or diminished after fire.…”

Section: Biochar Effects On Soil N Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The properties and functions of biochars in forest ecosystems

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The production of large quantities of biochar from natural fires has been a part of human history for millennia, causing CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere and exerting longterm effects on soil processes. Despite its potential importance and recent work reflecting the wide interest in biochar, a general review of our deep understanding of biochar functions within forest soils is currently lacking. Gaps in research knowledge in this field are identified in this paper. Materials and methods This paper summarizes recent research to provide a better understanding of the concentrations, distribution, and characteristics of biochar produced from forest wildfire and its influences on soil processes. Perspectives and recommendations for future research on biochar in postfire forest soils are also discussed. Results and discussion The concentration, distribution, and characteristics of biochar produced from forest wildfire largely depend on forest landscapes, regional climates, and mostly its feedstock and fire history, like, its duration and severity. The influences of biochar on soil processes, particularly carbon and nitrogen transformations and cycling, like, nitrification and nitrous oxide emissions reduction (Clough and Condron, J Environ Qual 39:1218-1223, are also determined mainly by the fire temperature and raw materials. Mechanisms can be attributed to the adsorption of organic compounds and nutrients or changed microenvironment, termed as charsphere, by biochar. We also identify the microbial mechanisms involved in the biochar-containing soils.

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Nitrogen status and mineralization in natural and disturbed mediterranean forests and coppices

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Mobilization of nutrients by fire in a semiarid gorse‐scrubland ecosystem of Southern Spain

Mobilization of nutrients by fire in a semiarid gorse‐scrubland ecosystem of Southern Spain

Soil nitrogen availability and nitrification in Mediterranean shrublands of varying fire history and successional stage

The properties and functions of biochars in forest ecosystems

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