Nitrogen source governs the patterns of growth and pristinamycin production in ‘Streptomyces pristinaespiralis’

Abstract

Phosphate-limited synthetic culture media were designed to investigate the growth and the pristinamycin production of ' Streptomyces pristinaespiralis ' using different nitrogen sources. During balanced growth, either mineral or organic nitrogen sources were readily utilized. However, glutamate and alanine were used as both nitrogen and carbon source, sparing the utilization of the primary carbon source, glucose. Valine was utilized only for its nitrogen and consequently 2-ketoisovalerate was excreted in the medium. Ammonium prevented the utilization of nitrate. Upon phosphate limitation, glycerol, originating from the breakdown of teichoic acids, was released, allowing the recovery of phosphate from the cell wall and the continuation of growth. Under such conditions, ammonium was excreted following the consumption of glutamate and alanine and was later reassimilated after exhaustion of the primary nitrogen source. The mode of utilization of valine prevented the production of pristinamycins due to excretion of 2-ketoisovalerate, one of their direct precursors. For other nitrogen sources, pristinamycin production was controlled by nitrogen catabolic regulation linked to the residual level of ammonium. In the case of nitrate, the negative regulation was alleviated by the absence of ammonium and production then occurred precociously. In the case of amino acids and ammonium, production was delayed until after exhaustion of amino acids and depletion of ammonium.

The importance of amino acids as carbon sources for Micromonospora echinospora (ATCC 15837)

“…This phenomenon in M. echinospora may reflect the natural soil ecology of this organism, where soluble organic nitrogen compounds may also provide an energetically efficient source of carbon, necessitating only one energy-requiring uptake process. Work by Voelker and Altaba (2001) has recently demonstrated that in Streptomyces pristinaespiralis amino acids provide significant carbon to the organism. They concluded that certain amino acids (alanine and glutamine) when present in the medium 'spared' the utilization of glucose, the primary carbon source.…”

Molecular identification and optimization culture conditions of amylase producing bacteria isolated from green algae in the coast side of Southern Sea, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

“…It is because α-amylase is an extracellular enzyme and its production is increased by its substrate [33,34]. Nitrogen sources have been reported to have an inducing effect on the production of various enzymes including al amylase [35]. The effect of different nitrogen sources (peptone, yeast extract, malt extract and beef extract) at 1 % level was determined on amylase production.…”

Medium optimization for the production of avermectin B1a by Streptomyces avermitilis 14-12A using response surface methodology

“…These sources could sustain high antibiotic titer and this property is supposed to be linked to the slow release of nitrogenous components during the course of the fermentation. More generally, several studies have shown that nitrogen assimilation is crucial for the regulation of antibiotic production but the mechanisms involved is not clearly understood (Voelker and Altaba, 2001). …”