Nitrogen source effects on canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) grown under conservation agriculture in South Africa

Crous, Izane R; Labuschagne, Johan; Swanepoel, Pieter A.

doi:10.1002/csc2.20599

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…When possible, changes in soil nutrient dynamics and stratification are considered, and different fertiliser optima than for conventional tillage systems could be expected. For instance, producers in the Western Cape, where CA is well established, are still using nitrogen fertiliser guidelines that were developed under conventional tillage systems (Viljoen et al 2020;Crous et al 2021). These guidelines do not account for the potential supply of mineralised nitrogen from soil organic matter.…”

Section: Soil Fertility Management In Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stratification of nutrients, particularly soil organic matter, underscores the importance of interpreting data with caution, as samples taken at a shallow depth may falsely overestimate the benefits of soil nutrients and soil organic matter. There are confounding recommendations on how to take a soil sample for CA systems (Derpsch et al 2014;Olson and Al-Kaisi 2015). For instance, in soils with a highly stratified pH, a soil acidity problem is often not picked up in soil tests if soil samples are taken to 200 mm or deeper, diluting the stratification effect.…”

Section: Soil Fertility Management In Camentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aligning Conservation Agriculture among various disciplines in South Africa

Swanepoel

2021

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Conservation agriculture (CA) is widely acknowledged as a set of management principles that support soil conservation (Govaerts et al. 2009;Smith et al. 2017;Kassam et al. 2019). The term CA is loosely used among South African farmers, industry experts and academia to refer to any action that has soil-conservation goals. However, this inaccurate reference causes confusion and may lead to misperceptions of CA as simply a sustainable crop-production system. The principles of CA include minimum soil disturbance, protecting the soil with an organic soil cover, and including a diversity of crops, either in crop rotation or association (Hobbs et al. 2008). Management principles can be broadly applicable to many farming systems and crops. In South Africa, CA is used successfully for field crops under rainfed conditions, particularly in smallholder systems but also in commercial and broadacre production systems. The term CA has been less frequently used in reference to systems involving crops grown under irrigation, permanent (i.e. orchards and vineyards) and semi-permanent crops (i.e. sugarcane) or to cultivated pastures. Yet, the management principles of CA are reported to be largely universal and could be applied in most production systems (Kassam et al. 2019).To share and exchange CA research experiences and lessons, and to identify research gaps in the field of CA in South Africa, a workshop was facilitated with a wide range of representatives from across the CA community. The broad objectives of the workshop were to: i) facilitate participants' sharing of information and experiences focusing on lessons learnt with regard to the contribution of CA to sustainable crop production and improved food security; ii) identify key issues in the development, promotion and adoption of CA in commercial and subsistence farming; iii) involve participants' in collective discussion of key challenges faced within CA practices; iv) link the challenges to underlying knowledge gaps and plan collaborative approaches to best address these gaps (in the form of concept notes that might be the basis of future research proposals); and v) promote networking to support the scaling-up of CA in South Africa. In accordance with information gathered from participants in the workshop, this article aims to align approaches to CA among various disciplines in South Africa and outlines a research agenda for CA in South Africa. MethodsA workshop was held in Bloemfontein, South Africa, on 23 January 2019, and attended by approximately 200 delegates from universities and other tertiary educational institutions, research institutions, government, and private companies involved in CA in South Africa. The workshop was structured to have an opening session where the aim and objectives of the workshop were shared. This was followed by eight

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Section: Soil Fertility Management In Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Fertility Management In Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligning Conservation Agriculture among various disciplines in South Africa

Swanepoel

2021

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Relating nematode community structure to different kikuyu-ryegrass pasture establishment methods

et al. 2021

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Nematodes play an important role in agricultural soil in terms of their pest status and their contribution to soil quality, where they may serve as a valuable indicator of soil health. The aim of the study was to assess changes occurring in nematode community structure, as affected by soil tillage applied to high N-input and irrigated pastures in South Africa. Such practices were investigated by means of analysing diversity and ecosystem function indices, as well as the faunal profile, to enable analysis of their effect on soil quality. The pre-treatment soil analyses showed a low overall mean nematode density. No clear and predictable pattern was present in the nematode community structure in relation to tillage. The lack of indicative information leading from the nematode community structure to the tillage disturbance types might be linked to the fact that such systems were able to recover from soil disturbance within the relatively short period of less than a year.

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Transcriptomic Analysis of the Reduction in Seed Oil Content through Increased Nitrogen Application Rate in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Hao,

Ren,

Lin

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Nitrogen is essential for improving the seed oil yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). However, the molecular mechanism by which increased nitrogen rates impact seed oil content is largely unknown. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine how three nitrogen application rates (120, 240, and 360 kg ha−1) regulated seed oil content via transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that the seed yield and the protein and total N contents increased from N1 to N3, with average increases of 57.2%, 16.9%, and 79.5%, respectively. However, the seed oil content significantly decreased from N1 to N3, with an average decrease of 8.6%. These results were repeated over a number of years. The quantity of oil protein bodies observed under a transmission electron microscope was in accordance with the ultimate seed oil and protein contents. As the nitrogen application rate increased, a substantial number of genes involved in the photosynthesis, glycolysis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated, as were TF families, such as AP2/ERF, MYB, and NAC. The newly identified genes were mainly involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Metabolic flux analysis showed that most of the genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis had higher transcript levels in the early development stages. Our results provide new insights into the molecular regulation of rapeseed seed oil content through increased nitrogen application rates.

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Nitrogen source effects on canola (Brassica napus L.) grown under conservation agriculture in South Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Aligning Conservation Agriculture among various disciplines in South Africa

Aligning Conservation Agriculture among various disciplines in South Africa

Relating nematode community structure to different kikuyu-ryegrass pasture establishment methods

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Reduction in Seed Oil Content through Increased Nitrogen Application Rate in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

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