Nitrogen Retention Studies on Rats, Dogs and Man; The Effect of Adding Methionine to an Enzymic Casein Hydrolysate

Cox, Warren M.; Mueller, A. J.; Elman, Robert; Albanese, Anthony A.; Kemmerer, Kenneth S.; Barton, Randall W.; Holt, L. Emmett; Drone, Kathryn R.; D, Sloat; Lein, Marilyn; Davey, Harriet W.

doi:10.1093/jn/33.4.437

Cited by 44 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, it seemed possible that a nitrogen sparing effect attributable to the lipotropic agents might occur in patients receiving deficient diets even though a sparing of nitrogen by methionine does 573 not occur in normal man or in patients with infectious hepatitis (11,12,13). Nitrogen retention as measured by nitrogen balance was slightly increased during the administration of choline and methionine to the patients in this study receiving O to 50 Gm.…”

Section: Studies On Nitrogen Balance In Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 76%

“…Indeed, such a favorable response, indicated by a sparing of urine nitrogen with resulting increased positive nitrogen balance, has been attributed to choline and methionine administered to patients with chronic liver damage maintained on adequate intakes of protein (7), and to dogs fed low protein diets (8)(9)(10). In contrast, methionine administered to normal man, or to patients with infectious hepatitis failed to spare nitrogen (11)(12)(13). Moreover, positive nitrogen balance can be regularly achieved in patients with chronic liver disease by providing adequate quantities of dietary protein (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Choline and Methionine, Testosterone Propionate, and Dietary Protein on Nitrogen Balance in Patients With Liver Disease 12

Gabuzda¹,

Eckhardt²,

Davidson³

1950

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Studies On Nitrogen Balance In Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Choline and Methionine, Testosterone Propionate, and Dietary Protein on Nitrogen Balance in Patients With Liver Disease 12

Gabuzda¹,

Eckhardt²,

Davidson³

1950

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…It is generally agreed that casein is deficient in cystine and methionine, at any rate for experimental animals. This view is supported by experiments in which the addition to casein or to casein hydrolysates of one or both of these amino-acids improved the growth of rats (700,701,702) and the nitrogen retention of rats (702) and of dogs (698,701), though not when the hydrolysate was given intravenously (703); liver lesions in rats were also prevented or cured (704). Blumberg & McCollum(705), however, produced in rats cirrhosis of the liver associated with poor growth with 20% of arachin or glycinin in the diet, but not with 20% casein.…”

Section: (Ii) Proteinmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Though lactalbumin proved superior to casein in experiments with rats and dogs (cf. p. 100), recent work has established that there is no difference in their value for man (701,876). Presumably the greater quantity of sulphur amino-acids in lactalbumin is of importance to animals with hairy coats but of less moment to man.…”

Section: B Milk Components (A) Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Kon

Henry

1949

Journal of Dairy Research

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III. Nutritive value as estimated in laboratory andVitamin B, (pyridosrin) after parturition contained 14, 25, 36 and 29/xg./g. fat (0-9,1-1, 1-3 and 1-3 mg./l.) of carotene and 48, 91, 67 and 165 jig./g. fat (2-8, 3-7, 3-0 and 6-9 mg./l.) of vitamin A, and the effects of the supplements were still evident in later samples of colostrum. It is of interest that the addition of carotene did not increase the vitamin A, and that the administration of vitamm A did not depress the .carotene, in colostrum.Unpublished work at Shinfield(77) gave very similar results, but the high vitamin A ration depressed the carotene content of the colostrum. Corroborative evidence comes from Russia (78), and from the U.S. Bureau of Dairy Industry (79). The colostrum of two cows which had been on pasture had a higher vitamin A potency than that of two cows on a ration low in vitamin A (79).Several authors have studied the vitamin A and carotene content of colostrum of different breeds under normal and experimental conditions. Valuable information comes from the Ohio State University herd for which two sets of values are available, one for groups of five to nine Ayrshire, Guernsey, Friesian (Holstein) and Jersey cows which calved while on winter feed (80) and another for similar cows of the same breeds, with the addition of Brown Swiss, which calved a year or two later on pasture (81). The values are not strictly comparable as they are given for separate days in the first study and for separate milkings in the second. On both occasions the carotene concentration in the first sample was lowest for Friesian cows (1-97 and 2-89 mg./l.) and highest for Guernseys (4-97 and 8-64 mg./L). For vitamin A, Jerseys were bottom of the four breeds on both occasions (2-18 and 1-44 mg./L), but Ayrshires led in the first study with 2-94 mg./l. and Guernseys in the second with 2-79 mg./l. The values for the Brown Swiss were 4-97 mg./l. for carotene and 3-48 mg./l. for vitamin A. It is noteworthy that the colostrum of the cows which calved in winter was relatively poorer in carotene and richer in vitamin A than that of the cows on pasture. The differences were much less marked in later samples. An interesting feature of these findings was that, on both occasions, the concentration of carotene in the Jersey colostrum was at first much less than for Guernseys, and even less than for Ayrshires, but the concentration declined more slowly, and the Jerseys were leading, for example, from the fourth to the seventh milking in the second experiment. The results indicate a marked individual variation in the concentration of vitamin A and carotene in colostrum, a fact emphasized by the findings of most other authors. In the first 3 days after calving some 50 mg. of vitamin A and 60 mg. of carotene were secreted in colostrum (80).Hansen, Phillips & Smith (82) followed the vitamin A and carotene content of the colostrum, and its change with the progress of lactation and method of milking, of eighteen Friesian cows which were uniformly fed indoors throughout their first ...

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Effect of Supplementing Soybean Proteins with Lysine and Other Amino Acids

Block¹

1956

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Ever since the recognition of Osborne and Mendel,1 in the early years of the present century, of the dietary indispensability of certain amino acids, physicians, nutritionists, and others have looked forward to the practical possibility of improving the protein value of certain foods by direct supplementation with specific amino acids. This hope can now be partly satisfied because of the availability of l-lysine, dl-methionine and l-cystine in commercial quantities at a reasonable price. There is no doubt that the addition of lysine to wheat products results in a significant improvement in the nutritive value of the proteins.2 Likewise, small additions of cystine or methionine improve the protein value of milk, meat, soy, and other leguminous vegetables.2 However, care must be taken not to allow initial enthusiasm to exceed proved scientific evidence.The formation of tissue proteins is an "all or none" proposition in the sense that the supply of amino acids for synthetic purposes is utilized only to the extent permitted by that amino acid available in the least amount with reference to the requirements of the protein pattern being synthesized. teins formed during growth superimposed upon the amino acid needs for the mainte¬ nance of the status quo. The goal then is to provide the animal with the pattern of (essential) amino acids which it is using.Protein is wasted when this pattern is dis¬ torted by furnishing either too little or too much of one or more (essential) amino acids.3Although the slight deficiency in the sul¬ fur amino acid content of soybean proteins is well known, the recent implication that the nutritive value of these proteins could be improved by the addition of L-lysine4 prompted us to carry out the experiments described below. The results demonstrate that the nutritive value for young rats of the proteins in a widely used soybean infant food (Mull-Soy) can be, if fed at a low level of protein*, slightly improved by the addition of cystine, methionine, or a mix¬ ture of them but that the addition of lysine in small quantities was not beneficial and in larger amounts actually suppressed growth.The fact that soy proteins are a little more deficient in methionine than milk is of no consequence in practical infant feeding, for, as Mendel pointed out many years ago, optimal growth and well being can be achieved by supplying a larger quantity of a nutritionally inferior protein than would be necessary with a protein of higher biological value, providing the inferior protein does not show any marked deficiency of an essential amino acid. In fact, calculation will show that Mull-Soy equivalent to 40 calories will supply more than the 90 mg. of lysine per kilogram per day needed by infants. Normally, 110 calories of Mull-Soy are fed per kilogram of body weight per day.

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Nitrogen Retention Studies on Rats, Dogs and Man; The Effect of Adding Methionine to an Enzymic Casein Hydrolysate

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Choline and Methionine, Testosterone Propionate, and Dietary Protein on Nitrogen Balance in Patients With Liver Disease 12

Effect of Choline and Methionine, Testosterone Propionate, and Dietary Protein on Nitrogen Balance in Patients With Liver Disease 12

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Effect of Supplementing Soybean Proteins with Lysine and Other Amino Acids

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