Nitrogen Response of Maize to Fresh and Composted Manure

Brinton, William F.

doi:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754456

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These results confirm those of previous studies with other plants (Brinton 1985;Montagu and Goh 1990;Paul and Beauchamp 1993). The N in compost is in fairly stable organic form which mineralizes slowly in soil (Castellanos and Pratt 1981).…”

Section: Crop Growth and Yieldssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Relative to the traditional management which consists of stacking and land broadcasting solid manure once or twice a year, composting allows volume and odor reduction, ease of handling, destruction of weed seeds and pathogens, stabilization of organic matter and retention of nutrients (Lampkin 1990). However, composting reduces the N availability of the end-use product, so N fertilizer value may be only 30 to 50% of fresh solid manure (Castellanos and Pratt 1981;Brinton 1985). On the other hand, compost P availability may be equivalent to that of inorganic fertilizers in alkaline sandy soils (Elias-Azar et al 1980).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat growth and N uptake

Gagnon¹,

Simard²,

Robitaille³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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The nutrient availability of composts has to be known for their safe use in crop production. A field study was carried out to assess the effect of a spring application of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Messier') growth and N uptake in eastern Québec (Canada). The experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 on two different soils: a Kamouraska clay (Orthic Humic Gleysol) and a Saint-André sandy loam (Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Four composts were applied at rates of 0, 90, 180 and 360 kg total N ha−1. Inorganic fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200% of wheat N, P or K requirements. Treatments in which inorganic fertilizers (IN) were added to composts were also included. Grain yield was increased by N rates whereas composts alone at 90 kg total N ha–1 resulted in lower yields than the control in the first year on the sandy loam. Commercial composts resulted in higher yields than dairy manure composts. Wheat showed no significant response to P and K fertilizers on either soil. Compost rates had no effect on grain N content but commercial composts increased straw N by 36 to 63%. Addition of IN to composts increased grain yield by 0.1 to 1.5 Mg ha−1 and N uptake by 4 to 55 kg N ha−1, depending on soil and weather conditions. Apparent recovery efficiency of added N for composts was −14 to 15% whereas it ranged from 24 to 56% for IN. In spring wheat production, composts should be considered more as organic matter amendments because of their limited N efficiency. Key words: Composted dairy manure, shrimp wastes, peat moss, apparent N recovery

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Section: Crop Growth and Yieldssupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat growth and N uptake

Gagnon¹,

Simard²,

Robitaille³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…This was smaller than results by Chang and Janzen (1996) that showed accumulated NO 3 --N in the 0-150 cm depth under non-irrigated conditions to represent 29-36% of the total N applied in cattle feedlot manure. The plant availability of LHM N is around 60% (Qian and Schoenau 2000) compared to SCM which is around 30% in the year of application (Brinton 1985). Studies in Saskatchewan have shown that 30-90% of the N in LHM is present in the NH 4 + -N form, compared to only 10 to 20% in SCM .…”

Section: Dixon Sitementioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrogen balance and accumulation pattern in three contrasting prairie soils receiving repeated applications of liquid swine and solid cattle manure

Stumborg

Schoenau

Malhi

2007

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The expansion of intensive livestock operations in western Canada has increased concerns about overloading of nutrients in manured lands. The magnitude of nutrient accumulation and its distribution in the soil profile varies with soil-climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine loading and distribution of manure-derived nitrogen (N) in the soil profile as influenced by repeated manure applications. Four field experiments were conducted at three sites (Dixon, Melfort and Plenty) in Saskatchewan under longer-term manure management. The four field experiments provide contrasts in soil type, climatic conditions, manure type, application and cropping history to enable the effect of these factors to be evaluated. Liquid hog manure (LHM-Experiment 1) and solid cattle manure (SCM-Experiment 2) treatments were applied annually over 8 years at Dixon (Black Chernozemic loam soil-Udic Boroll in sub-humid climate), while only LHM was applied at Plenty (Dark Brown Chernozemic heavy clay soil-Typic Boroll in semi-arid climate) over 6 years (Experiment 3), and at Melfort (Dark Gray Luvisol silty clay loam soil-Mollic Cryoboralf in humid climate) over 5 years (Experiment 4). Soil samples were collected in the spring and autumn of 2003 and 2004, and were analyzed for organic N, ammonium-N (NH 4 + -N) and nitrate-N (NO 3 --N) concentrations. Plant samples were collected to determine the impact of manure application rate on plant N uptake and crop N removal. The annual application of LHM (37,000 L ha -1 yr -1 ) and SCM (7.6 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ) at agronomic rates at Dixon (added N balances crop demand for that year), or larger rates of LHM (111,000 L ha -1 ) applied once every 3 years (Melfort) did not significantly elevate NO 3 --N in soil compared to the unfertilized control. Lower crop removal and reduced leaching of NO 3 --N due to drier conditions as occurred at the Plenty site contributed to greater accumulation of nitrate in the top 60 cm at equivalent rates compared to the other two sites. At large manure rates, excess N from the balance estimates could not be accounted for in soil organic N and was assumed to be lost from the soil-plant system. At the Dixon LHM site, deep leaching of NO 3 --N was observed at the excessive rate (148,000 L ha -1 yr -1 ) up to the 150 cm depth, compared to the control. At Dixon, the large annual application rate of SCM (30.4 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ) did not significantly increase NO 3 --N in the 0-60 cm soil compared to the control, which was attributed to lower mineralization of organic N from the SCM. Over the short and medium term, LHM application at large rates every year poses a greater risk for loading and deep migration of NO 3 --N in soil than large rates of SCM. Larger single applications made once every 3 years were not associated with accumulation or deep leaching. To prevent loading, rates of applied manure nitrogen should be reduced when crop N removal potential is diminished by high frequency of drought.

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“…It was found that N mineralization and crop N uptake for fall-applied dairy manure is better synchronized than for fertilizer N application (Ma et al 1999b). There is, however, also evidence of preplanting-applied dairy manure reducing crop yields compared to inorganic fertilizer (Brinton 1985;Paul and Beauchamp 1993). Information is needed on the comparative studies of maize yield response to soil N amendment, including dairy manure under monoculture and legume rotation systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Crop rotation and soil N amendment effects on maize production in eastern Canada

L.¹,

Ying²,

Dwyer³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2003. Crop rotation and soil N amendment effects on maize production in eastern Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 483-495. Relying less on fertilizer N and more on crop residual and biological N 2 fixation by legume crops has been suggested as an effective way to meet the challenge of maximizing economic return while minimizing environmental pollution. A field study was conducted on a Brandon loam soil (Orthic Humic Gleysol) to determine the effects of crop rotation and N amendments on grain yield, crop growth, N uptake and use efficiency (NUE) of maize (Zea mays L.) and fertilizer replacement values of legume. The rotations included maize in annual rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or continuous maize. The soil N amendments included no amendment, NH 4 NO 3 at 100 kg N ha -1 , stockpiled or rotted dairy manure at 50 Mg ha -1 (wet weight). Averaged across 4 yr, increases in maize grain yield, total plant N uptake, and NUE ranged from 13 to 35% in the maize-soybean and maize-alfalfa rotations compared to continuous maize monoculture. During the study, total dry matter production was 15 to 35% higher and crop growth rate was 13 to 23% higher for maize following alfalfa than for continuous maize monoculture. The effect of legumes on the subsequent growth of maize (i.e., total dry matter production and crop growth rate) was most apparent during the grain filling period. Total maize dry matter production was similar up to silking stage for all three rotation systems; however, the difference in total dry matter between maize monoculture and maize in rotation with legume continued to increase after this stage so that the greatest differences were observed at physiological maturity. Grain yield was 19% higher in the 100 kg N ha -1 treatment and 23% higher in the repeated manure amendment than in the unfertilized treatment. Fertilizer N replacement values were on average, 68 kg ha -1 for soybean and 133 kg ha -1 for alfalfa. Our results indicate that maize in annual rotation with legume crops could increase the maize yields by as much as 20% and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer N by as much as 180 kg N ha -1 . The effect of legume preceding crop on maize dry matter production and N uptake is expressed mostly in the later stages of crop growth in this mid-to short-growing-season region. Les amendements azotés étaient les suivants : aucune fertilisation, 100 kg de N par hectare sous forme de NH 4 NO 3 , 50 mg de fumier de bovins laitiers décomposé ou entassé par hectare (poids humide). Après quatre ans, on note une hausse moyenne de 13 à 35 % du rendement grainier du maïs, de l'absorption totale de N et de l'assimilation de N avec les assolements maïs-soja et maïs-luzerne, comparativement à la monoculture. Quand la culture du maïs suit celle de luzerne, on relève une hausse de 15 à 35 % de la production de matière sèche et de 13 à 23 % du taux de croissance par rapport à la culture continue. L'incidence des légumineuses sur le maïs (à savoir, production de matière sèche et ...

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Nitrogen Response of Maize to Fresh and Composted Manure

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat growth and N uptake

Effect of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat growth and N uptake

Nitrogen balance and accumulation pattern in three contrasting prairie soils receiving repeated applications of liquid swine and solid cattle manure

Crop rotation and soil N amendment effects on maize production in eastern Canada

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