Nitrogen Regulation of Root Branching

Walch‐Liu, Pia; Иванов, И.И.; Filleur, Sophie; Gan, Yinbo; Remans, Tony; Forde, Brian G.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcj601

Cited by 295 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For example, hormones coordinate the responses modulated by external environment, regulating both primary root growth and LR initiation and development. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) and ABA have both been proposed to play a role in mediating nitrate effects on LR development (Signora et al 2001;De Smet et al 2006;Walch-Liu et al 2006;Zhang et al 2007). In M. truncatula, studies (summarized on Fig.…”

Section: Primary Nitrate Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Pellizzaro

Alibert

Planchet

et al. 2017

Planta

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Main conclusion The nitrate transporters, belonging to NPF and NRT2 families, play critical roles in nitrate signaling, root growth and nodule development in legumes.Nitrate plays an essential role during plant development as nutrient and also as signal molecule, in both cases working via the activity of nitrate transporters. To date, few studies on NRT2 or NPF nitrate transporters in legumes have been reported, and most of those concern Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. A molecular characterization led to the identification of 4 putative LjNRT2 and 37 putative LjNPF gene sequences in L. japonicus. In M. truncatula, the NRT2 family is composed of 3 putative members. Using the new genome annotation of M. truncatula (Mt4.0), we identified, for this review, 97 putative MtNPF sequences, including 32 new sequences relative to previous studies. Functional characterization has been published for only two MtNPF genes, encoding nitrate transporters of M. truncatula. Both transporters have a role in root system development via abscisic acid signaling: MtNPF6.8 acts as a nitrate sensor during the cell elongation of the primary root, while MtNPF1.7 contributes to the cellular organization of the root tip and nodule formation. An in silico expression study of MtNPF genes confirmed that NPF genes are expressed in nodules, as previously shown for L. japonicus, suggesting a role for the corresponding proteins in nitrate transport, or signal perception in nodules. This review summarizes our knowledge of legume nitrate transporters and discusses new roles for these proteins based on recent discoveries.

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Section: Primary Nitrate Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Pellizzaro

Alibert

Planchet

et al. 2017

Planta

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“…These environmental inputs shape the growth of the plant, most of which occurs postembryonically. In particular, changes in these environmental factors can have profound effects on the architecture of the root system, promoting root growth in one area and inhibiting it in another (Zhang and Forde, 1998;Walch-Liu et al, 2006;Harris, 2015). Depending on the concentration, ABA can inhibit or stimulate the functioning of the root meristem (Cheng et al, 2002), thereby modulating root growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elaboration of root architecture is strongly regulated by the level of NO 3 2 in the environment, and the distribution of NO 3 2 in the root environment is as important as its concentration. If the environment surrounding the root system is uniformly high in NO 3 2 , lateral root growth will generally be inhibited (Zhang and Forde, 2000;Walch-Liu et al, 2006). When present only in a patch, NO 3 2 locally stimulates lateral root elongation and, in some species, initiation (Hackett, 1972;Drew, 1973;Zhang and Forde, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Nitrate Stimulates Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Root Tips by Releasing It from Inactive Stores

2016

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Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays a major role in root system development, regulating growth and root architecture. However, the precise localization of ABA remains undetermined. Here, we present a mechanism in which nitrate signaling stimulates the release of bioactive ABA from the inactive storage form, ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE). We found that ABA accumulated in the endodermis and quiescent center of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips, mimicking the pattern of SCARECROW expression, and (to lower levels) in the vascular cylinder. Nitrate treatment increased ABA levels in root tips; this stimulation requires the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum-localized, ABA-GE-deconjugating enzyme b-GLUCOSIDASE1, but not de novo ABA biosynthesis. Immunogold labeling demonstrated that ABA is associated with cytoplasmic structures near, but not within, the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings demonstrate a mechanism for nitrate-regulated root growth via regulation of ABA accumulation in the root tip, providing insight into the environmental regulation of root growth.

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“…In addition to functioning as a mineral nutrient, nitrate changes plant architecture through influencing hormone balances (Bouguyon et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012). The growth of lateral roots is locally induced by nitrate (Walch-Liu et al, 2006;Gan et al, 2012), while the shoot/root ratio tends to increase with increasing soil nitrate availability (Kruse et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An RNA Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into Molecular Aspects of the Nitrate Impact on the Nodule Activity of Medicago truncatula

et al. 2013

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The mechanism through which nitrate reduces the activity of legume nodules is controversial. The objective of the study was to follow Medicago truncatula nodule activity after nitrate provision continuously and to identify molecular mechanisms, which down-regulate the activity of the nodules. Nodule H 2 evolution started to decline after about 4 h of nitrate application. At that point in time, a strong shift in nodule gene expression (RNA sequencing) had occurred (1,120 differentially expressed genes). The most pronounced effect was the down-regulation of 127 genes for nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides. Various other nodulins were also strongly down-regulated, in particular all the genes for leghemoglobins. In addition, shifts in the expression of genes involved in cellular iron allocation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis were observed. Furthermore, the expression of numerous genes for the formation of proteins and glycoproteins with no obvious function in nodules (e.g. germins, patatin, and thaumatin) was strongly increased. This occurred in conjunction with an up-regulation of genes for proteinase inhibitors, in particular those containing the Kunitz domain. The additionally formed proteins might possibly be involved in reducing nodule oxygen permeability. Between 4 and 28 h of nitrate exposure, a further reduction in nodule activity occurred, and the number of differentially expressed genes almost tripled. In particular, there was a differential expression of genes connected with emerging senescence. It is concluded that nitrate exerts rapid and manifold effects on nitrogenase activity. A certain degree of nitrate tolerance might be achieved when the down-regulatory effect on late nodulins can be alleviated.

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Nitrogen Regulation of Root Branching

Cited by 295 publications

References 60 publications

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Environmental Nitrate Stimulates Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Root Tips by Releasing It from Inactive Stores

An RNA Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into Molecular Aspects of the Nitrate Impact on the Nodule Activity of Medicago truncatula

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