Nitrogen

Böcker, Nick; Grahl, Matthias; Tóta, Á.; Häussinger, Peter; Leitgeb, Paul; Schmücker, Bernd

doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_457.pub2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[24] Cryogenic air separation is the least expensive and most energy efficient technology for nitrogen production at commercial scales. [25] Ammonia synthesis uses the Haber-Bosch condenser-based process, for which recent research and development has enabled dynamic operation. [6] Technology cost and performance improvement are projected in three year increments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Renewable Ammonia Production for a Sustainable Fertilizer Supply Chain Transition

Palys,

Daoutidis

2023

ChemSusChem

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Local renewable ammonia production using electrolytic hydrogen is an emerging approach to alleviate emissions attributed to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer production while also insulating against fluctuations in fertilizer prices and mitigating transportation costs and emissions. However, replacing ammonia currently produced using fossil fuels will not be immediate. To this end, we develop a supply chain transition model, which first optimizes the design and hourly operation of new renewable ammonia facilities to minimize production costs and then optimizes the annual installation timing, production scale, and location of these new renewable facilities along with ammonia transportation to meet county resolution demands. The objective is to augment and eventually replace conventional ammonia market imports in an economically competitive manner. We performed a case study for Minnesota's ammonia supply chain and found that a full transition to in‐state renewable production by 2032 is optimal. This is incentivized by the U.S. federal government's clean hydrogen production credits. This transition results in 99 % reduction in carbon intensity along with stable supply costs below $475 per metric tonne. New renewable production facilities are an order of magnitude smaller than existing conventional plants. They use both wind and solar resources and operate dynamically to minimize expensive battery and hydrogen storage capacities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Renewable Ammonia Production for a Sustainable Fertilizer Supply Chain Transition

Palys,

Daoutidis

2023

ChemSusChem

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“… 11 On the other hand, the uses of N 2 are mainly in the production of fertilizers, nitric acid, and nylon. 12 It is utilized as an inert gas to suppress the risk of explosions within a combustible material. 13 During the melting process of aluminum, N 2 works as a substitute for chlorine and Freon to prevent oxide formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Ar is employed in fluorescent light bulbs, the production of silicon semiconductors (as a protective gas), and as a carrier in inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy . On the other hand, the uses of N 2 are mainly in the production of fertilizers, nitric acid, and nylon . It is utilized as an inert gas to suppress the risk of explosions within a combustible material .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Framework for Simulation-Based Multi-objective Optimization of a Cryogenic Air Separation Unit

et al. 2022

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A framework to obtain optimal operating conditions is proposed for a cryogenic air separation unit case study. The optimization problem is formulated considering three objective functions, 11 decision variables, and two constraint setups. Different optimization algorithms simultaneously evaluate the conflicting objective functions: the annualized cash flow, the efficiency at the compression stage, and capital expenditures. The framework follows a modular approach, in which the process simulator PRO/II and a Python environment are combined. The results permit us to assess the applicability of the tested algorithms and to determine optimal operational windows based on the resultant 3-D Pareto fronts.

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Ammonia, 4. Green Ammonia Production

Rouwenhorst

Krzywda

Benes

et al. 2020

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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Nitrogen

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Properties 3. Occurrence 4. Production … Show more

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Optimizing Renewable Ammonia Production for a Sustainable Fertilizer Supply Chain Transition

Optimizing Renewable Ammonia Production for a Sustainable Fertilizer Supply Chain Transition

Modular Framework for Simulation-Based Multi-objective Optimization of a Cryogenic Air Separation Unit

Ammonia, 4. Green Ammonia Production

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