Nitrogen pools and fluxes in grassland soils sequestering carbon

Conant, Richard T.; Grosso, Stephen J. Del; Parton, William J.

doi:10.1007/s10705-004-5085-z

Cited by 85 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…were determined on soil cores using standard methods. A saturated soil hydraulic conductivity of 410 mm d -1 was estimated using ROSETTA software (Schaap et al 2001), assuming a relatively low bulk density of 1.16 × 10 6 g m ) that can be inferred for temperate grasslands from data collected by Jobbágy & Jackson (2000) and assuming a C:N ratio in SOM of about 10 (Conant et al 2005). This suggests that our study site is not necessarily representative of semi-natural systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient responses to increasing CO2 and climate change in an unfertilized grass–clover sward

Lazzarotto¹,

Calanca²,

Semenov³

et al. 2010

Clim. Res.

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Mechanisms controlling transient responses to elevated CO 2 concentration and climate change in an unfertilized grassland on the Swiss Plateau were examined in light of simulations with PROGRASS, a process-based model of grass-clover interactions. Daily weather for a series of transient climate scenarios spanning the 21st century were developed for the study site with the help of the LARS-WG weather generator. Changes in the length of dry and wet spells, temperature, precipitation and solar radiation defining the scenarios were obtained from regional climate simulations carried out in the framework of the PRUDENCE project. Compared to 1961-1990, the latter indicated that for 2071-2100 there would be a noticeable increase in temperature (roughly 3°C in winter and 5°C in summer), a significant drop in summer precipitation (of the order of -30%) and a nearly 2-fold increase in the length of dry spells. Assuming that clover is less drought-tolerant than grass, we examined whether clover abundance would decrease as a consequence of increasing heat and water stress, or be promoted on account of CO 2 stimulation. Results indicated that: (1) at our site, climate change alone did not curtail biological N 2 fixation to the point as to alter the composition of the sward but nevertheless entailed a decrease in grassland productivity; (2) increasing CO 2 clearly promoted clover growth (via feedbacks on nitrogen acquisition) and grassland productivity; and (3) even with CO 2 stimulation, the additional N input from symbiotic N 2 fixation was not sufficient to substantially improve the mineral N status of the system and promote grass competitiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient responses to increasing CO2 and climate change in an unfertilized grass–clover sward

Lazzarotto¹,

Calanca²,

Semenov³

et al. 2010

Clim. Res.

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“…As mudanças no conteúdo de C no solo comumente resultam em alterações concomitantes de N, e o manejo das pastagens pode ter implicações significativas no C global e na ciclagem de N (Conant et al, 2005). Estudos realizados em pastagens no Brasil têm mostrado diferentes respostas para C e N no solo, de acordo com as práticas de manejo adotadas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em solo sob florestas nativas e pastagens no bioma Pantanal

Cardoso

Silva

et al. 2010

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da conversão da floresta nativa em pastagem cultivada, e exposição da pastagem nativa ao sistema de pastejo contínuo, sobre os estoques de C e N no solo, em ecossistemas naturais do Pantanal. Foram avaliados três remanescentes de floresta nativa, três áreas de pastagens de Urochloa decumbens com diferentes idades de formação, e uma pastagem nativa submetida ao sistema de pastejo contínuo e sem pastejo, por 3 e 19 anos. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, com três repetições. A conversão de florestas em pastagens promoveu redução nos estoques de carbono orgânico e carbono microbiano no solo, principalmente nas pastagens cultivadas há mais tempo. Contudo, não houve alteração nos estoques de nitrogênio total. As perdas nos estoques de carbono ocorreram nas três frações húmicas, mas, proporcionalmente, as maiores perdas ocorreram nas frações ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos. As pastagens cultivadas e nativas, sob pastejo contínuo, não são capazes de acumular mais carbono no solo do que os ecossistemas naturais.Termos para indexação: desmatamento, sequestro de carbono, substâncias húmicas, áreas úmidas. Carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil in native forests and pasture in the Pantanal biome, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the conversion of native forests into cultivated pasture, and exposure of native pasture to continuous grazing, on the C and N stocks in the soil, in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands. Three remnants of native forest, three areas with Urochloa decumbens pastures at different ages of formation, and one native pasture submitted to continuous grazing and without grazing for 3 and 19 years were evaluated. Soil samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm depths, with three replications. The conversion of native forests into pastures promoted reduction of organic carbon and microbial carbon stocks in the soil, mainly in cultivated pastures with longer implantation time. However, no alteration in the total N stocks was observed. Carbon stock losses occurred in the three humic fractions but, proportionally, the main losses occurred in the humic and fulvic acid fractions. Cultivated and native pastures under continuous grazing are not capable of accumulating more C in the soil than the natural ecosystems.

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“…This data however, is not partitioned into native, agricultural (grasslands such as introduced or improved pastures), and residential use (such as turf grass lawns) and therefore gives no clear definition of land use management. It has been shown that managed peri-urban grasslands alter biogeochemical C and N cycling substantially in temperate climates, significantly increasing GHG emissions (Kaye et al 2004;Conant et al 2005) as well as C sequestration (Golubiewski 2006;Raciti et al 2011a). Given the large areas worldwide undergoing these changes in land use, the resulting ecosystem productivity and fertility will effect climate change and the global food security in the long term.…”

Section: Land Use Change Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the conversion to residential grasslands in the USA can increase N 2 O emissions and result in a weaker net CH 4 sink because of fertilization and irrigation practices. These changes in non-CO 2 GHG flux have the potential to offset the climate change mitigating soil C sequestration (Kaye et al 2004;Conant et al 2005;Lorenz and Lal 2009;Wang et al 2014). …”

Section: Land Use Effect On Ghg Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, management practices have been identified to change a CH 4 sink to a source during wet seasons, particularly in pastures (Castaldi et al 2006). Research from temperate zones identified a high C sequestration potential due to the increased turf grass productivity, which reducing global warming effect can be offset by N 2 O emissions from the high fertilizer N demand and all management practices combined (Conant et al 2005;Lorenz and Lal 2009;Wang et al 2014).…”

Section: Land Use Effect On Ghg Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of urbanization related land use change on the Carbon and Nitrogen cycle from subtropical soils

Delden¹,

Rike²

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2017Reducing nitrous oxide emissions while supporting subtropical cereal production in Oxisols 3 5 KEYWORDS Urbanization, land use change, native forest, grazed pasture, turf grass, carbon, nitrogen, soil-atmosphere gas exchange, greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon sequestration, subtropical, high-frequency greenhouse gas measurements, climate change, Chromosols. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTSKeywords CHAPTER 6: SOIL N 2 O AND CH 4 FLUXES FROM URBANIZATION RELATED LAND USE CHANGE; FROM EUCALYPTUS FOREST AND PASTURE TO URBAN LAWN (PAPER 3) 1216. Table 7-2 Soil C contents averaged per land use type with standard errors in total (C T ) and the three C fractions of active (C A ), slow (C S ) and resistant (C R ); total N (N T ), mineral N (N min ) and soil C/N ratio . Table 7-3 Spearman's rho correlations of the active (C A ), slow (C S ) and resistant (C R ) C fractions with each other and their soil parameters total C (C T ) and N (N T ), mineral N (N min ), pH, electric conductivity (EC) and clay content for the upper 10 cm topsoil ..... 156 Changes in global climate are driven in part by the radiative forcing of the three major GHG's CO 2 , N 2 O and methane (CH 4 ) in the atmosphere (IPCC 2007(IPCC , 2013. LIST OF TABLESThe biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles play an essential role in global climate change mitigation by immobilizing C from and minimizing NO x losses into the atmosphere by increasing soil organic matter (SOM) (Lal 2004b), i.e.C sequestration. Soils contain over three times more C than either the atmosphere or living vegetation, which makes them the largest terrestrial C pool (Schlesinger 1990;1995 This highlights the need to quantify changes in the GWP of peri-urban environments. (ii) Soil type and initial C and N status before land use change Research problemSoil organic C has a significant influence on denitrification processes producing This C sequestration potential of peri-urban environments is based on the increased ecosystem productivity due to fertilizer and irrigation practices of the turf grass management. These intensified management practices however, might as well increase the soil-atmosphere GHG exchange of CH 4 and especially N 2 O, which then limits the positive effect of C sequestration on the climate. Therefore, the C sequestration potential of peri-urban environments needs to be evaluated in combination with soil-atmosphere GHG exchange to estimate an accurate long-term GWP. This study examines native forest and grazed pasture for comparison to the establishment of a residential turf grass across multiple time scales to identify alterations of C and N cycling after urbanization related land use change. Therefore, an inter-annual non-CO 2 GWP based on high frequency CH 4 and N 2 O measurements was complemented with the long-term soil C sequestration potential of peri-urban turf grass compared to forest and pasture. Research aim and objectivesLand use change associated with urbanization can impact biogeochemical nutrient cycling in the transitioning envir...

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Nitrogen pools and fluxes in grassland soils sequestering carbon

Cited by 85 publications

References 34 publications

Transient responses to increasing CO2 and climate change in an unfertilized grass–clover sward

Transient responses to increasing CO2 and climate change in an unfertilized grass–clover sward

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em solo sob florestas nativas e pastagens no bioma Pantanal

Implications of urbanization related land use change on the Carbon and Nitrogen cycle from subtropical soils

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