Abstract:Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important edible bean in the human diet worldwide. However, its growth, development, and yield may be restricted or limited by insufficient or unbalanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization. Despite this, there are few long-term studies of the effects of varying levels of N, P, and K combined fertilizers and the optimal fertilization for improving mung bean yield and quality. This study was conducted to optimize the fertilization strategies for high … Show more
“…Field trials were performed from 2014–2016 using the early-maturing adzuki bean variety Baihong 4 at the Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng (45.62° N; 122.81° E), Jilin Province, China. The field trial consisted of 23 treatments of various N, P, and K combinations using a three-factor and five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design (Table 4); this setup was in accordance with that of our previous study 40 . All treatments were repeated three times in completely randomized blocks for a total of 69 test plots.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Samples were hand-harvested when the plants reached maturity from each field plot. The yield and yield components were determined according to the metrics described in our previous work 40 .Figure 6Meteorological data of Baicheng city, jilin province, China, from 2014 to 2018. ( a ) Average temperature ( b ) Sunshine duration, ( c ) Rainfall.…”
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) exert various effects on adzuki bean yields. Our research was conducted in a semi-arid area, and four test sites were established in environments that have chernozem or sandy loam soils. During a five-year period, the effects of N, P, and K fertilizers on yield were comprehensively investigated in field trials (2014–2016) and for model-implementation trials (2017–2018), with models established prior to the latter. In the field trials, 23 treatments comprising different N, P, and K combinations significantly affected both yield and yield components, and regression analysis indicated that the experimental results were suitable for model establishment. The model subsequently demonstrated that the yield and the yield components were more sensitive to N and K fertilizer than to P fertilizer. Moreover, the yield and yield components increased. These yield increases were intense in response to the 0.5 to 1.34 levels in terms of the single effects; interaction effects; and the effects of combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers. Moreover, the effects of combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers were more significant on yield than were the single or interaction effects of N, P, and K fertilizers. The optimal fertilizer combination that resulted in high yields (≥1941.53 kg ha−1) comprised 57.23–68.43 kg ha−1 N, 36.04–47.32 kg ha−1 P2O5 and 50.29–61.27 kg ha−1 K2O. The fertilizer combination that resulted in the maximum yield was 62.98 kg ha−1 N, 47.04 kg ha−1 P2O5 and 59.95 kg ha−1 K2O (N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.75:0.95), which produced the model-expected yield in trials at multiple sites. An economical fertilizer combination was determined on the basis of the best fertilizer measures in consideration of the cost of fertilizer and seed; this combination achieved yields of 2236.17 kg ha−1, the profit was 15,653.16 Yuan ha−1, and the corresponding rates were 57.60 kg ha−1 N, 47.03 kg ha−1 P2O5, and 31.64 kg ha−1 K2O (N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.82:0.55).
“…Field trials were performed from 2014–2016 using the early-maturing adzuki bean variety Baihong 4 at the Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng (45.62° N; 122.81° E), Jilin Province, China. The field trial consisted of 23 treatments of various N, P, and K combinations using a three-factor and five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design (Table 4); this setup was in accordance with that of our previous study 40 . All treatments were repeated three times in completely randomized blocks for a total of 69 test plots.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Samples were hand-harvested when the plants reached maturity from each field plot. The yield and yield components were determined according to the metrics described in our previous work 40 .Figure 6Meteorological data of Baicheng city, jilin province, China, from 2014 to 2018. ( a ) Average temperature ( b ) Sunshine duration, ( c ) Rainfall.…”
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) exert various effects on adzuki bean yields. Our research was conducted in a semi-arid area, and four test sites were established in environments that have chernozem or sandy loam soils. During a five-year period, the effects of N, P, and K fertilizers on yield were comprehensively investigated in field trials (2014–2016) and for model-implementation trials (2017–2018), with models established prior to the latter. In the field trials, 23 treatments comprising different N, P, and K combinations significantly affected both yield and yield components, and regression analysis indicated that the experimental results were suitable for model establishment. The model subsequently demonstrated that the yield and the yield components were more sensitive to N and K fertilizer than to P fertilizer. Moreover, the yield and yield components increased. These yield increases were intense in response to the 0.5 to 1.34 levels in terms of the single effects; interaction effects; and the effects of combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers. Moreover, the effects of combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers were more significant on yield than were the single or interaction effects of N, P, and K fertilizers. The optimal fertilizer combination that resulted in high yields (≥1941.53 kg ha−1) comprised 57.23–68.43 kg ha−1 N, 36.04–47.32 kg ha−1 P2O5 and 50.29–61.27 kg ha−1 K2O. The fertilizer combination that resulted in the maximum yield was 62.98 kg ha−1 N, 47.04 kg ha−1 P2O5 and 59.95 kg ha−1 K2O (N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.75:0.95), which produced the model-expected yield in trials at multiple sites. An economical fertilizer combination was determined on the basis of the best fertilizer measures in consideration of the cost of fertilizer and seed; this combination achieved yields of 2236.17 kg ha−1, the profit was 15,653.16 Yuan ha−1, and the corresponding rates were 57.60 kg ha−1 N, 47.03 kg ha−1 P2O5, and 31.64 kg ha−1 K2O (N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.82:0.55).
“…Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth and activating several enzymes used as a catalyst in promoting the metabolic processes of the crops, which plays an important role in increasing crop yields and plant growth [25,26]. is is significantly influenced by various K fertilizer levels in different crops [27]; recent research indicates that K fertilization has increased the yield and carbohydrates content in maize [2,4], sorghum [12], soybean [2], wheat [28], and mung bean [29]. In the northeast black soil with medium available potassium content of (113.36 mg/kg), the optimal potassium application amount of sweet maize was 107-140 kg/ha K 2 O.…”
Fresh-eaten maize (Zea mays L.) is favored by consumers for its unique flavor, good health, and medical effects. Heilongjiang province is a semiarid cold region with the annual output of 3.35 billion ears, and the demand for fresh eaten maize is increasing in the region. Therefore, improving its yield and quality is urgently needed in this area. In this study, two of thirty varieties (waxy maize Jin-262 and sweet maize Jingke-183) were used and five proportions of potassium (K2O, 120 kg/ha) were applied at sowing, jointing, and large trumpet stages to identify the high yield and quality of fresh-eaten maize under a semiarid cold ecological condition in Daqing, Heilongjiang province, China, during 2017-2018. The results from the screening of eighteen maize varieties showed that waxy maize Jin-262 and sweet maize Jingke-183 had higher starch content and soluble sucrose contents than those of other varieties. While the potassium proportions application during the sowing (20%), jointing (40%), and large trumpet stages (40%) had further significantly increased the starch content, soluble sugar content, sucrose content, and sucrose metabolic enzymes activities of Jin-262 and Jingke-183, however, the yields of Jin-262 and Jingke-183 had increased by applying potassium fertilizer during the sowing stages (50%) and jointing stages (50%). Considering the overall higher maize quality, we recommended the waxy maize Jin-262 and sweet maize Jingke-183 varieties along with application of 20% (sowing), 40% (jointing), and 40% (large trumpet stages) of 120 kg/ha potassium fertilizer for the improvement of grain quality of maize planting in the semiarid cold region. Otherwise, reasonable gradual potassium fertilization might be a wiser option.
“…The macronutrients, N, P and K are essential in plant growth, it present in high level of soybean, and play important functions in plant growth, therefore it significantly affects various soybean traits (Darwesh, et al, 2013;Beinsen, et al, 2020;and El-Sayed, 2020). Under low nitrogen content in soil, the addition of small amount of nitrogen enhances rhizobia formation, improves the growth of legume plant seedling (Yin et al, 2018). Soybean plant cannot efficiency fix atmospheric nitrogen during the early growth stages before the branches develop due to it has few or no rhizobia.…”
To evaluate effects of NPK and potassium humate application under two tillage systems, i.e., no tillage (direct sowing) and full tillage, on soybean productivity, field experiment was conducted in successive seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experimental design used was a split-split, with four replications. Results indicated that tillage system had no effect on soybean productivity, except nodulation parameters, where no-tillage system gave the highest number of nodules plant -1 and dry weight of nodules plant than full tillage. Fertilization with NPK enhanced all studied growth parameters, i.e., plant height, nodulation, yield components (number of pods plant -1 , number of seeds pod -1 and 100-seed weight), yield measurements (seed and straw yields), N, P and K concentrations in seeds and straw as well as seed quality (protein and oil percentages and yields) when compared with control. Phosphorus had more pronounced effect than the other two nutrients. Also, application of 24 kg potassium humate as soil application improved all the above-mentioned quality and quantity of soybean plants. Moreover, no tillage and potassium humate application improved soil reaction, organic matter, bulk density, soil available water and wilting point after soybean harvesting. From these results, it could be concluded that cultivating soybean plants without no tillage, fertilizing with 72, 33 and 95 kg N, P and K ha -1 and 24 kg potassium humate ha -1 as soil application is recommended in order to maximize soybean productivity, meanwhile minimize its costs.
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