Nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons toward high-performance supercapacitors by direct pyrolysis of kraft lignin

Fishnet‐Like, Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Films Directly Anchored on Carbon Cloths as Binder‐Free Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

“…The Ragone plot was presented in Figure d, showing that the cell delivered a high energy density of 16.4 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 150 W kg −1 , while the energy density remained at 11.9 Wh kg −1 at a higher power density of 6000 W kg −1 . Figure d also compares the energy density of cell based on P‐K‐2.5 with other reported cells based on the heteroatom‐doped carbon using H 2 SO 4 or KOH as electrolytes . As seen, the cell based on P‐K‐2.5 exhibited superior energy density.…”

Self-template/activation nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials derived from lignosulfonate-based ionic liquids for high performance supercapacitors

“…In detail, the curves all exhibit slight downwards inections at low potential region (P/P 0 < 0.1), hysteresis loops (P/P 0 in the range of 0.1-0.9), and sharp upward peaks at high pressures (>0.9 P/P 0 ), demonstrating the presence of few micropores, a huge amount of mesopores and large pores in the samples. 33 The porosity parameters of [Amim]LS-X carbon samples are summarized in Table 1, and the parameters for [Amim]Cl-700 and SLS-700 are also listed for comparison. It is believed that with the introduction of the N-containing small molecular IL ([Amim]Cl) to the macromolecular SLS, a new ionic liquid [Amim]LS is produced through anion exchange reaction, with NaCl as the by-product.…”

“…Yang et al prepared N, O and S co-doped hierarchical porous carbons by directly pyrolyzing alkaline lignin without any additional activation agents, and the impurities in alkaline lignin such as NaCl, KCl, Na 2 CO 3 and Na 2 SO 4 were found to play an important role in the formation of hierarchical porous carbons. 33 Wang et al reported a N-doped porous carbon by one-step self-activation method which beneted from the celery's internal water transport system. 34 With specic surface area of 1186 m 2 g À1 and the average diameter of 0.94 nm, the capacitance of the carbon material was 245 F g À1 at 0.2 A g À1 .…”

The Chemistry and Promising Applications of Graphene and Porous Graphene Materials

“…Aiming at achieving high capacitance, carbon materials (e.g., activated carbon, porous carbon, CNTs, graphene) require large SSA, an appropriate pore size distribution, abundant heteroatoms, high electrical conductivity, and stable physicochemical properties. [196][197][198][199][200] In this respect, graphene, including PG, would be a perfect candidate for achieving high energy density because of its large theoretical SSA and gravimetric capacitance. [201] However, strong π-π interactions between graphene sheets will actually cause the irreversible aggregation and spontaneous layer restacking during electrode manufacture, [202] which seriously compromises the available SSA and increases the contact resistance.…”