Nitrogen oxides from burning forest fuels examined by thermogravimetry and evolved gas analysis

Clements, H.B.; McMahon, Charles K.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(80)87187-5

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…An average emission factor of 85 g kg )1 was found for particulate matter in an oxygen atmosphere. In another study, employing thermogravimetric-evolved gas analysis, the production of NO x was found to be proportional to the N content of the biomass fuel and to agree well with the emission factors determined in larger-scale fires of 1-10 g kg )1 (CLEMENTS and MCMAHON, 1980). The authors concluded that most of the NO emitted resulted from the prompt release of nitrogen bound up in the biomass fuel.…”

Section: Laboratory Studiessupporting

confidence: 52%

Chemistry of Forest Fires and Regional Haze with Emphasis on Southeast Asia

Radojevic¹

2003

Pure and Applied Geophysics

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The current state of knowledge regarding the chemistry of forest fires and regional haze is reviewed. More than 100 compounds have been identified in wood smoke and many of these have also been observed in field studies. Products of biomass combustion can have different environmental effects: CO 2 and CH 4 may contribute to global warming, NO x and SO 2 could contribute to rainwater acidity, whereas smoke particles and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could affect human health. Also, photochemical reactions of primary emissions from biomass fires can lead to the production of secondary pollutants such as O 3 . Regional haze episodes caused by forest fires have occurred in SE Asia on several occasions during the 1990s and the reported studies of these episodes are reviewed. Only total suspended particles (TSP) were determined in the earlier studies, and more comprehensive chemical investigations have only emerged during the more recent episodes, notably those of 1997 and 1998. To date, most of the measurements have centred on criteria pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, O 3 and PM 10 ), however, other pollutants (e.g., VOCs, PAHs) have also been determined in certain studies. Rainwater analyses suggest that forest fires do not have a major acidifying effect because dissolved acidic gases (e.g., SO 2 ) are neutralised by alkaline substances (e.g., Ca, Mg, K) that are also emitted by forest fires. There is a need for further laboratory and field studies in order to investigate important pollutant transformation mechanisms.

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Section: Laboratory Studiessupporting

confidence: 52%

Chemistry of Forest Fires and Regional Haze with Emphasis on Southeast Asia

Radojevic¹

2003

Pure and Applied Geophysics

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“…This compares with the ratio of Hegg et al (1989) in Table 1 The same argument is much less convincing for the nitrogen-based species listed in Table 1. In general, NO x varies proportionally to the nitrogen content of the fuel (Clements and McMahon 1980). The ozone concentration may only be remotely related to either NO x or the concentration of reactive hydrocarbons and may be more closely coupled with the level of insolation receipt (Evans et al 1977).…”

Section: Compound Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation between emission rates for CO and that for CH 4 and nonmethane hydrocarbons is fairly good. For other nitrogen-based compounds, the emissions are scaled more closely to the nitrogen content of the fuel complex (Clements and McMahon 1980). The relation of NO~ to combustion efficiency has not been established.…”

Section: Source Strength Calculations For the Sundance Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke emissions from wildland fires

Ward

Hardy

1991

Environment International

268

153

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“…Dung fires had even higher NO/ CO 2 ratios averaging 8.6 mmol mol −1 . Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the NO x released during biomass burning originates from the nitrogen which is fixed in the burned material and that NO x / CO 2 emission ratios will therefore increase with the nitrogen content of the biomass (Clements and McMahon, 1980). As typical N-contents for wood, maize residues, and cattle dung are 0.2-0.3%, 0.6-1.4% and 1.2-3.0%, respectively, (Lobert, 1989;Barnard, 1990;Susott et al, 1996), our observations are in agreement with these findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

04/01021 Domestic combustion of biomass fuels in developing countries: A major source of atmospheric pollutants

2004

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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Abstract. Biomass burning has important impacts on atmospheric chemistry and climate. Fires in tropical forests and savannas release large quantities of trace gases and particulate matter. Combustion of biofuels for cooking and heating constitutes a less spectacular but similarly widespread biomass burning activity. To provide the groundwork for a quantification of this source, we determined in rural Zimbabwe the emissions of CO 2 , CO, and NO from more than 100 domestic fires fueled by wood, agricultural residues, and dung. The results indicate that, compared to open savanna fires, emissions from domestic fires are shifted towards products of incomplete combustion. A tentative global analysis shows that the source strength of domestic biomass burning is on the order of 1500 Tg CO 2 -C yr −1 , 140 Tg CO-C yr −1 , and 2.5 Tg NO-N yr −1 . This represents contributions of about 7 to 20% to the global budget of these gases.

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Nitrogen oxides from burning forest fuels examined by thermogravimetry and evolved gas analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Chemistry of Forest Fires and Regional Haze with Emphasis on Southeast Asia

Chemistry of Forest Fires and Regional Haze with Emphasis on Southeast Asia

Smoke emissions from wildland fires

04/01021 Domestic combustion of biomass fuels in developing countries: A major source of atmospheric pollutants

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