Nitrogen oxides and CO2 from an Oxisol cultivated with corn in succession to cover crops

Carvalho, Arminda Moreira de; Bustamante, Mercedes Maria da Cunha; Coser, Thais Rodrigues; Marchão, Robélio Leandro; Malaquias, Juaci Vitória

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900021

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…In addition, no significant differences between all phases on cumulative CO 2 fluxes were found, results that may be due to the absence effect of crop rotational diversity on soil temperature over the study period. However, Carvalho et al [56], Rochette and Janzen [57] and Brock et al [58] reported that the decomposition of the previous crop residues in the crop rotation can influence GHG fluxes. Other parameter that could influence soil respiration included SOC; however, there was no significant effect on SOC by crop rotational diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of crop rotational diversity and grazing under integrated crop-livestock system on soil surface greenhouse gas fluxes

et al. 2019

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Integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system is beneficial in enhancing soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling. However, the benefits of the ICL system on mitigation of GHG emissions are poorly understood. Thus, the present study was initiated in 2011 to assess the effect of crop rotation diversity and grazing managed under the ICL system on GHG emissions. The cropping system investigated here included spring wheat grown continuously for five years and a 5-yr crop rotation (spring wheat-cover crops-corn-pea/barley-sunflower). Each phase was present each year. Yearling steers grazed only the pea/barley, corn and cover crops plots in 2016 and 2017. Exclusion areas avoided the grazing in these crops to compare the GHG fluxes under grazed vs. non-grazed areas. The GHG fluxes were measured weekly from all crop phases during the growing season for both years using a static chamber. Cumulative CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes were similar from all crop phases over the study period. However, continuous spring wheat recorded higher cumulative N 2 O fluxes (671 g N ha -1 ) than that under spring wheat in rotation (571 g N ha -1 ). Grazing decreased cumulative CO 2 fluxes (359 kg C ha -1 ) compared to ungrazed (409 kg C ha -1) , however, no effect from grazing on cumulative CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes over the study period were found. The present study shows that grazing and crop rotational diversity affected carbon and nitrogen inputs, which in turn affected soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes. Long-term monitoring is needed to evaluate the response of soil GHG emissions to grazing and crop rotation interactions under the ICL system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of crop rotational diversity and grazing under integrated crop-livestock system on soil surface greenhouse gas fluxes

et al. 2019

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“…The input of foliar N from leguminous tree leaves in the AFS influenced soil N dynamics in the studied AFS. Consequently, the high input of foliar N contributed to decreasing litter C:N ratio and facilitated litter decomposition, associated to considerable N2O fluxes with significant loss of N to the atmosphere compared to native Cerrado vegetation (Carvalho et al, 2016). Those indicators of the short-term N dynamics in the AFS are reflected in the soil δ 15 N, providing indirect evidence of N intensification in the soil-plant-litter system in the AFS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be considered that the transformations of N in an ecosystem (immobilization or mineralization) are coupled to C transformations, especially when organic carbon molecules are converted into CO2 by soil heterotrophic microbial populations (McGill e Cole, 1981), which can reduce the partial pressure of oxygen and favor denitrification. Significant N2O pulse emissions following the first rains after a dry season, often with a small-time lag, have been reported for different seasonally dry ecosystems and are generally preceded by significant CO2 emissions immediately after the soil is re-moistened, due to water-induced activation of soil microbes (Carvalho et al, 2016;Carvalho et al, 2017;Sato et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expansion of agriculture in the Cerrado region has been carried out using management practices with several impacts on the ecosystem biogeochemistry. For example, modifications in both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics have been reported (Pinheiro-Alves et al, 2016) with significative increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere (Carvalho et al, 2016;Carvalho et al, 2017;Sato et al, 2017;Figueiredo et al, 2018;Sato et al, 2019). Approximately 50 million hectares of the Cerrado has already been replaced with pastures with exotic C4 African grasses that are usually managed for cattle production (Sano et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a successional agroforestry system in the Neotropics

Pinheiro-Alves

Carvalho

Timoteo

et al. 2021

J. Biotechnol. Biodivers.

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The present study aimed to assess the effect of fourteen years of implementation of a successional and biodiverse agroforestry system (AFS) in a degraded agricultural field located in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil on the carbon and nitrogen dynamics. To track short term soil N dynamics we sampled instantaneous soil N rates in four seasonal periods (wet-dry, dry, dry-wet, wet) and to track long term C and N dynamics we measured C and N stable isotopes in the plant-litter-soil system. As additional data we determined the aboveground biomass; resorption rates of foliar and, soil C and N stocks. The measured aboveground biomass was 19.2 Mg C ha-1. The mean resorption rate of foliar N was 49.3%. C:N ratio was 20.4 ± 1.4 and 14.2 ± 0.32 in the litter layer and the topsoil, respectively. Soil N-NH4+ was predominant over N-NO3-. After 40 days, the cumulative N-N2O emission was 0.33 kg ha-1. The mean C and N stocks were 3.8 Mg N ha-1 and 43.6 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The averaged soil δ15N was 6.8‰. Soil δ13C was -20.3‰. After 14 years of implementation, approximately 40% of the total C in the topsoil (0-20 cm depth) was derived from the AFS biomass input, predominantly from the C3 photosynthetic pathway. The studied biodiverse AFS that replaced a degraded agricultural field in the Cerrado region showed to be responsive both in terms of soil and plant C and N pools and fluxes.

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“…Among the different factors affecting N 2 O emissions in agricultural soils, the conversion of native Cerrado vegetation to agroecosystems favors the emission of N 2 O to the atmosphere, under sugarcane cropping systems (Silva et al, 2017), integrated cropping-livestock production, no-till and conventional tillage (Martins et al, 2015;Sato et al, 2017). In addition, N 2 O emissions are usually associated with soil moisture (Carvalho et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2016) and nitrogen fertilizer application (Carvalho et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N2O emissions from soils under different uses in the Brazilian Cerrado - A review

Sousa¹,

Ramos²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2021

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo

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The Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) is a biome of great socio-economic and environmental importance to Brazil. The rapid agricultural expansion in the Cerrado biome areas promoted biogeochemical cycles that affect nitrogen and carbon dynamics, leading to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Brazil, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is the main gas in agriculture, and agricultural practices increase emissions into the atmosphere. This review aimed to assess the influence of agriculture on N 2 O emissions in the Cerrado region, based on existing data in the literature, and extract patterns of direct N 2 O emissions in different agricultural systems in the Cerrado from existing data. A systematic review of data from 36 scientific publications in the Cerrado region with several crop systems revealed that N 2 O emissions varied from 0.15 kg ha -1 in native cerrado to 4.84 kg ha -1 in conventional tillage. Agricultural systems, nitrogen fertilizer application, and crop residues influence N 2 O emissions. One of the strategies to mitigate emissions is the sustainable intensification of farming systems. Cumulative N 2 O emissions in the Cerrado range from 0.001 to 4.84 kg ha -1 in different land-use scenarios. Soil under the conventional tillage system (CT) had the highest emissions, with an overall average of 1.58 kg ha -1 of N 2 O, compared to no-till system (NT) (0.82 kg ha -1 ) and native Cerrado 0.15 kg ha -1 . Integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems in the Cerrado had emissions with an overall average of 1.68 kg ha -1 , integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF) had 1.20 ha -1 , and eucalyptus plantations had 0.48 kg ha -1 .

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Nitrogen oxides and CO2 from an Oxisol cultivated with corn in succession to cover crops

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Impacts of crop rotational diversity and grazing under integrated crop-livestock system on soil surface greenhouse gas fluxes

Impacts of crop rotational diversity and grazing under integrated crop-livestock system on soil surface greenhouse gas fluxes

Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a successional agroforestry system in the Neotropics

N2O emissions from soils under different uses in the Brazilian Cerrado - A review

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