Nitrogen (N) metabolism related enzyme activities, cell ultrastructure and nutrient contents as affected by N level and barley genotype

Shah, Jawad Munawar; Bukhari, Syed; Zeng, Jianbin; Quan, Xiaoyan; Ali, Essa; Muhammad, Noor; Zhang, Guoping

doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(15)61308-9

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One unit of GS activity was expressed as the amount of enzyme catalyzing the formation of 1 μmol γglutamylhydroxamate per min at 37°C [71]. The glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity in the supernatants was determined by the conversion of 2-ketoglutarate to glutamate in a reaction mixture containing 200 mM KH 2 PO 4 -KOH pH 7.5, 10 mM glutamine (Gln), 10 mM 2-ketoglutarate, 0.14 mM NADH [72], One unit of GOGAT activity was defined as the oxidation rate of 1 nmol NADH per min at 30°C. And the Rubisco activity was measured according to the method of Li [73].…”

Section: Measurement Of Gs Gogat and Rubisco Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice

et al. 2020

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Background: Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers is often a major practice to ensure sufficient nitrogen demand of highyielding rice, leading to persistent NH 4 + excess in the plant. However, this excessive portion of nitrogen nutrient does not correspond to further increase in grain yields. For finding out the main constraints related to this phenomenon, the performance of NH 4 + excess in rice plant needs to be clearly addressed beyond the well-defined root growth adjustment. The present work isolates an acute NH 4 + excess condition in rice plant from causing any measurable growth change and analyses the initial performance of such internal NH 4 + excess. Results: We demonstrate that the acute internal NH 4 + excess in rice plant accompanies readily with a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates the downstream reactions. At the headstream of carbon production, photon caption genes and the activity of primary CO 2 fixation enzymes (Rubisco) are evidently suppressed, indicating a reduction in photosynthetic carbon income. Next, the vigorous induction of glutathione transferase (GST) genes and enzyme activities along with the rise of glutathione (GSH) production suggest the activation of GSH cycling for ROS cleavage. Third, as indicated by strong induction of glycolysis / glycogen breakdown related genes in shoots, carbohydrate metabolisms are redirected to enhance the production of energy and carbon skeletons for the cost of ROS scavenging. As the result of the development of these defensive reactions, a carbon scarcity would accumulatively occur and lead to a growth inhibition. Finally, a sucrose feeding cancels the ROS burst, restores the activity of Rubisco and alleviates the demand for the activation of GSH cycling. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that acute NH 4 + excess accompanies with a spontaneous ROS burst and causes carbon scarcity in rice plant. Therefore, under overuse of N fertilizers carbon scarcity is probably a major constraint in rice plant that limits the performance of nitrogen.

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Section: Measurement Of Gs Gogat and Rubisco Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice

et al. 2020

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“…Maintenance of stabilized protein synthesis is very critical for normal functions of cells under high salinity stress because of their involvement in most metabolic processes [ 47 – 49 ]. Bt protein as a proportion of soluble proteins, was affected inevitably by the abilities of protein metabolism in cotton squares [ 17 ].NR, GS and GPT are major enzymes participating in protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of soil salinity on Bt protein concentration in square of transgenic Bt cotton

Wang

Jin²,

Sun³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Insect-resistance of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton varies among plants organs and with different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of soil salinity on Bt protein concentration in cotton squares and to elucidate the potential mechanism of Bt efficacy reduction. Two cotton cultivars (NuCOTN 33B and CCRI 07, salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant) were subjected to salinity stress under four natural saline levels in field conditions in 2015 and 2016 and seven regimes of soil salinity ranged from 0.5 to 18.8 dS m-1 in greenhouse conditions in 2017. Results of field studies revealed that Bt protein content was not significantly changed at 7.13 dS m-1 salinity, but exhibited a significant drop at the 10.41 and 14.16 dS m-1 salinity. The greenhouse experiments further showed similar trends that significant declines of the insecticidal protein contents in squares were detected when soil salinity exceeded 9.1 dS m-1. Meanwhile, high salinity resulted in significant reduction in contents of soluble protein and total nitrogen, activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), but increased amino acid content, activities of protease and peptidase in cotton squares. High salinity also decreased root vigor (RV), root total absorption area (RTA) and root active absorption area (RAA). The extent of decrease of Bt protein content was more pronounced in NuCOTN 33B than CCRI 07, and CCRI07 exhibited stronger enzymes activities involved in square protein synthesis and higher levels of RV, RTA and RAA. Therefore, the results of our present study indicated that insecticidal protein expression in cotton squares were significantly affected by higher salinity (equal to or higher than 9.1 dS m-1), reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in squares and reduced metabolic activities in roots might lead to the decrease of Bt protein content in squares.

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“…The glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity in the supernatants was determined by the conversion of 2ketoglutarate to glutamate in a reaction mixture containing 200 mM KH 2 PO 4 -KOH pH 7.5, 10 mM glutamine (Gln), 10 mM 2-ketoglutarate, 0.14 mM NADH [72], One unit of GOGAT activity was defined as the oxidation rate of 1 nmol NADH per min at 30℃. And the Rubisco activity was measured according to the method of Li [73].…”

Section: Measurement Of Gs Gogat and Rubisco Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice

Yang

Hao

Jin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Nitrogen (N) metabolism related enzyme activities, cell ultrastructure and nutrient contents as affected by N level and barley genotype

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice

Impacts of soil salinity on Bt protein concentration in square of transgenic Bt cotton

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice

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