Nitrogen Management in Calcareous Soils: Problems and Solutions

Maqsood, Muhammad; Awan, Usman Khalid; Aziz, Tariq; Arshad, Haseeb; Ashraf, Muhammad; Ali, Mohsin

doi:10.21162/pakjas/16.4867

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Nitrogen is the most dynamic nutrient element and the most important nutrient that is required for the survival of all living things [17][18][19][20][21]. Increases in N supply within limits are associated with increase in leaf area, carboxylases, and chlorophyll content, all of which determine the photosynthetic activities of leaf and ultimately dry matter production and allocation to the various organs of a plant [20,22]. Similarly, good supply of P is usually associated with increased root density and proliferation, which aid in extensive exploration and supply of nutrients and water to the growing plant [23].…”

Section: Major Fertilizers For Sesamementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Zenawi

Mizan

2019

International Journal of Agronomy

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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is grown mainly in the tropics. It is typically grown by smallholders with nearly all of its production in developing countries. It is an important source of high-quality oil and protein. Inappropriate use of fertilizers and monocropping are among the major production constraints. The objective of this paper is therefore to review the effect of N fertilizers on sesame growth and productivity. Growth and yield of sesame are greatly influenced by the application of N fertilizer. In most of the sesame-producing countries, optimum seed yield of sesame was obtained from application of 46–100 kg·N/ha. Adequate nitrogen fertilization also improves uptakes of other nutrients, particularly P and K and some micronutrients. Preemergence application of mobile nitrogen (urea) is less efficient due to losses. Mobile form of N fertilizer became available within two days for the crop. Split N applications where the N fertilizer is applied at different growth stages of the crop increases productivity. Side-dress application is one of the easiest ways to maximize nitrogen use efficiency. N fertilizers should be placed 3–5 cm deeper than the seeds and 5–10 cm apart from the plant for side dress but not far than 20 cm. Under optimal environmental conditions, nitrogen fertilizer has no effect on phonological traits but on the growth parameters. In the potential areas, application of 46–100 kg·N/ha gives maximum yield and lowering the application of N to less than 46 kg·N/ha in marginal areas is economical.

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Section: Major Fertilizers For Sesamementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Zenawi

Mizan

2019

International Journal of Agronomy

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“…The application of synthetic N fertilizers should be according to the crop demand and nutritional status of the soil. Following proper fertilizer application methods, like deep placement or applying irrigation immediately after application of N fertilizer, is also very effective in reducing N losses (Maqsood et al 2016). Another way to accomplish this is to use new types of N fertilizers, such as controlled-release fertilizers (polymer coated fertilizers), and urease and nitrification inhibitors.…”

Section: Ways To Tackle N-related Environmental Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piling up reactive nitrogen and declining nitrogen use efficiency in Pakistan: a challenge not challenged (1961–2013)

Raza

Zhou

Aziz

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…The NO3 is losses as nitrogen gas or nitrous oxides by the action of denitrifying bacteria and through percolation of soil water (Maqsood et al, 2016). Generally, increasing the rate of N-fertilizers from both N-sources increased significantly the total yield for both tested crops because the nitrogen importance for plant growth and representing the main constituent of major cell parts and protein production.…”

Section: -Effect Of Fertilizers Coated With Different Rates Of Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polymer-Coated Urea and Ammonium Nitrate Application on Nitrogen Behaviour in Sandy Soil and Yield Productivity

Osman¹

2017

Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering

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A field experiment was carried out at El-Ismailia Agriculture Research Station farm, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Egypt during two successive seasons (2015/2016). The institute farm is located at 30o 35' 41.9" N latitude and 32o 16' 45.8" E longitude. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L., CV. Giza 168) was planted during winter season (2015) and peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea) was planted during summer season (2016) in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system, to improve the soil chemical properties, eliminate or reduce labor intensive of fertilizers losses, as well as increase in apparent nutrient recovery, through improving the nutritional status, minimize nitrogen loss, maintaining growth and yield of both wheat and peanut crops. Two sources of nitrogen fertilization were used, urea and ammonium nitrate with two rates (75% and 100% from the recommended dose) along with four rates of polymer (Hydrogel 0%, Hydrogel 1%, Hydrogel 2%, Hydrogel 3%) as a coating film material. Moreover, samples of the same nitrogen fertilizers were coated with the same four rates of polymers to be then incubated under laboratory condition to study the cumulative released percentage versus time, from both N-sources, along with the different rates of polymers; finally a field experiment was conducted. With regard to incubation experiment, results indicated that, the release of nitrogen from uncoated N-sources showed rapid and highly increase during the first two hours; the increase reached 94.35 % and 98.36% for both urea and ammonium nitrate respectively, uncoated urea being more responded as compared to uncoated ammonium nitrate. Generally, presence of polymer, as a coating material, caused slow gradual increase for soluble nitrogen as time goes up to 15 days as compared to without polymer treatment.The calculation of swelling ratio of hydrogel estimated that every one gram of hydrogel was swollen by uptake of 500 ml of water, this means that every 1 gram coating material from the used polymer absorbed 500 gm from the water. Also, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope noted that, the coated urea was smaller diameter, denser, more uniform and much smoother surface as compared to ammonium nitrate. On the contrary, the cross section of the coating shell of ammonium nitrate had a larger diameter, rough surface with large cavities along with both open and closed porosity.With regard to field experiment, results revealed that, the pH values in the soil after harvesting were significantly affected by both coated N-sources, as compared to uncoated treatments, for both tested crops; pH values increased significantly with time in presence of urea as compared to ammonium nitrate. Moreover, increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilization along with increasing the rate of applied polymer caused a significant increase in EC values during both tested seasons. Values representing nitrogen and potassium availability in soil, total contents (straw and grains or seeds) and yield components for both tested crops increased significantly in both co...

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Nitrogen Management in Calcareous Soils: Problems and Solutions

Cited by 21 publications

References 93 publications

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Piling up reactive nitrogen and declining nitrogen use efficiency in Pakistan: a challenge not challenged (1961–2013)

Effect of Polymer-Coated Urea and Ammonium Nitrate Application on Nitrogen Behaviour in Sandy Soil and Yield Productivity

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