Nitrogen fixation in deteriorating wood

Sharp, R. F.; Millbank, J. W.

doi:10.1007/bf01946353

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Within each year, logs appeared to be “safer” seedbeds than either pits or mounds. Among the possible benefits conveyed by nurse logs compared with the pit and mound seedbeds are accumulation of bacterially fixed nitrogen (Sharp & Millbank 1973; Maser & Trappe 1984; Jurgensen et al 1989), high concentrations of ectomycorrhiza (Harvey et al 1976, 1979), and higher light availability (Kuuluvainen & Juntunen 1998). Cornett et al (1997, 2000 b ) have demonstrated that higher emergence of T. occidentalis on decaying wood may be linked to higher temperatures, higher moisture retention, and lower accumulation of leaf litter in comparison with other types of seedbeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Importance of Seedbed and Canopy Type in the Restoration of Upland Thuja occidentalis Forests of Northeastern Minnesota

Cornett

Puettmann

Frelich

2001

Restoration Ecology

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In cold-temperate ecosystems of the upper Great Lakes Region, evergreen conifer-dominated forests were once common. As a result of past management practices, early-successional deciduous forests now dominate the landscape. Embedded in this matrix are stands of shade-tolerant conifers, including Thuja occidentalis . For the past several decades, large-scale T. occidentalis regeneration in remnant T. occidentalis and adjacent Betula papyrifera forests has not occurred. Using a combination of restoration experiments and field surveys at three study sites on the Lake Superior Highlands, Minnesota, U.S.A., we examined safe sites for T. occidentalis regeneration under both Thuja and Betula canopy types. This study focused on the colonization and establishment phases of regeneration, differentiating among safe-site components for T. occidentalis . Seedbed type determined colonization success, with higher rates on conifer logs than on B. papyrifera logs, mounds, or pits. Mortality rates for seedlings on natural decayed wood seedbeds were higher under Thuja canopy than under Betula canopy, but the reverse was true for seedlings on manipulated seedbeds, suggesting that seedbed type was more important than the dominant canopy type. Growth rates for seedlings on moved log segments were greater under the Betula than the Thuja canopy type, but seedlings on natural decayed wood seedbeds did not exhibit this difference. Results indicated that T. occidentalis regeneration was more limited in Betula forest by seedbed availability, while in Thuja forest canopy conditions were more limiting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Importance of Seedbed and Canopy Type in the Restoration of Upland Thuja occidentalis Forests of Northeastern Minnesota

Cornett

Puettmann

Frelich

2001

Restoration Ecology

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“…It has long been recognised that dead wood plays host to nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria, which provide an independent source of nitrogen to the system (Cornaby and Waide 1973;Sharp and Millbank 1973). Many studies have focussed on coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest, and used acetylene reduction as a measure of nitrogenase activity (reviewed by Son, 2001).…”

Section: Bacterial Nitrogen Fixation In Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in decomposing wood and their interactions with wood-decay fungi

Johnston

Boddy

Weightman

2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

210

143

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The fungal community within dead wood has received considerable study, but far less attention has been paid to bacteria in the same habitat. Bacteria have long been known to inhabit decomposing wood, but much remains underexplored about their identity and ecology. Bacteria within the dead wood environment must interact with wood-decay fungi, but again, very little is known about the form this takes; there are indications of both antagonistic and beneficial interactions within this fungal microbiome. Fungi are hypothesised to play an important role in shaping bacterial communities in wood, and conversely, bacteria may affect wood-decay fungi in a variety of ways. This minireview considers what is currently known about bacteria in wood and their interactions with fungi, and proposes possible associations based on examples from other habitats. It aims to identify key knowledge gaps and pressing questions for future research.

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“…Second, fungi may have translocated nitrogen from the nitrogen-rich forest floor into carbon-rich wood via their mycelia. Third, bacterial nitrogen-fixation may have occurred within the rotting boles (Comaby and Waide 1973, Sharp and Millbank 1973, Roskoski 1977, Harvey eta!. 1979).…”

Section: By Taking Biomass Values Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Mass and Chemical Change in Decaying Boles of a Subalpine Balsam Fir Forest

Lambert¹,

Lang²,

Reiners³

1980

Ecology

276

198

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Decay of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) boles was examined in an upper subalpine forest of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA. Fifty percent of the initial mass was los in 23 yr; 90% was lost in 77 yr. High decay rates were attributed to the small diameters of the boles, ample moisture, and a nitrogen—rich environment. Average dead woods mass in this forest was 4.9 kg/m2, representing 25% of the sum of dead wood, live plant biomass, and forest floor organic matter. Changes in density and moisture and in the concentrations and content of various chemical components of the boles were traced over the decay sequence. Changes in the content of cellulose, lignin, carbon and sodium followed loss of mass during decay. Contents of calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus decreased faster than loss of mass in the early stages of decay. Much of this initial loss was ascribed to sloughing of nutrient—rich bark which in these small boles comprised 13% of dry mass. Later in decay, the loss rates of calcium, magnesium and potassium were about the same or slightly less than the loss rate of mass. After a steep initial drop, phosphorus content of the boles remained approximately constant between years 12 and 33. Thereafter the loss rate paralleled loss of mass. Nitrogen content was approximately constant in the first 33 yr after which it declined in parallel with loss of mass.

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Nitrogen fixation in deteriorating wood

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Comparing the Importance of Seedbed and Canopy Type in the Restoration of Upland Thuja occidentalis Forests of Northeastern Minnesota

Comparing the Importance of Seedbed and Canopy Type in the Restoration of Upland Thuja occidentalis Forests of Northeastern Minnesota

Bacteria in decomposing wood and their interactions with wood-decay fungi

Loss of Mass and Chemical Change in Decaying Boles of a Subalpine Balsam Fir Forest

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