Nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley and wheat

Widdowson, F. V.; Cooke, G. W.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600031518

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…N/acre are used, but that the later applications are likely to produce less straw and reduce the risk of lodging, and that late June dressings are likely to produce small responses. Widdowson & Cooke (1958) found May top dressing to be inferior to seedbed application in yield when 0-5 cwt. N was used.…”

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The effects of rates and time of application of nitrogenous fertilizer on barley in south-east Scotland

Holmes¹,

Gill²,

Rodger³

1960

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Two series of simple nitrogen manuring trials, one on level of sulphate of ammonia applied to the seedbed at twenty-two centres and the other on the time of top dressing with ‘Nitro-Chalk’ at nineteen centres, were conducted on commercial farms in south-east Scotland during 1954 to 1957.2. The optimum level of sulphate of ammonia varied with season and farm type. The optimum dressing was at least 0·9 cwt. N/acre in the dry season of 1955, and in the other years was estimated to be 0·9 cwt. N/acre on arable farms and about 0·-25–0·4 cwt. on ley rotation farms when the barley did not follow sheeped turnips. In the latter event no fertilizer was best.3. The nitrogen content of the grain increased little until after the 1 cwt. sulphate of ammonia level, although the optimum yield was not obtained in many experiments without some rise in the grain nitrogen content.

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“…A higher proportion of third-quality grain was also produced. Russell & Bishop (1933), Bullen & Lessells (1957) and Widdowson & Cooke (1958) all report that delay in application of fertilizer nitrogen increases the N % of the grain.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of rates and time of application of nitrogenous fertilizer on barley in south-east Scotland

Holmes¹,

Gill²,

Rodger³

1960

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…N/acre and to apply the balance as a top-dressing. The disadvantages of May top-dressings, noted previously by Widdowson & Cooke (1958) in the wet summers of 1954 and 1956, were less in our later experiments in which a lower level of top-dressing was tested. In 1958, however, growing conditions were similar to those in 1954 and 1956 and top-dressings, used to supplement a drilled dose of 0-6 cwt.…”

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confidence: 41%

“…In 1957in and 1958 the soils ranged in texture from chalky boulder clay to glacial sand and gravel, but in 1959 they were all freely-draining light-and mediumtextured soils.…”

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Applying nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

1961

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Previous experiments Cooke, 1958 andWiddowson, Penny, Williams &Cooke, 1959) showed that combine-drilling ammonium sulphate gave higher barley yields than did broadcasting similar dressings in the seed-bed. In general, drilling a single dose of nitrogen (0-25 or 0-30 cwt. N/acre) was quite safe and only slight checks to early growth were noted with a double dose (0-5 or 0-6 cwt. N/acre). Top-dressings of 'Nitro-Chalk' (applied in May) gave lower yields than drilled dressings in wet seasons (1954, 1956). In addition, top-dressings delayed ripening, increased lodging and produced a sample having smaller grains with a higher nitrogen content. Basal phosphate and potash were not drilled with the test treatments in these experiments, but were broadcast over the seed-bed after sowing. Therefore only the drilled nitrogen dressings were in contact with the seed. In view of these gains from drilling nitrogen and the obvious practical advantages of applying the full fertilizer dressing and seed in one operation, further experiments were done to examine the effects of including phosphate and potash with the drilled nitrogen dressings. It is often stated that heavy doses of compound fertilizers delay and reduce plant establishment in dry springs and on light soils; these experiments were intended to determine the level of manuring at which these adverse effects reduced yields.Our earlier experiments with barley on local soils also showed that there was little extra yield from nitrogen dressings supplying more than 0-6 cwt. N./ acre and this level was taken as the mean in our work. Yields from 0-3, 0-6 and 0-9 cwt. N/acre by combine-drill were compared with yields from equivalent broadcast dressings (which were taken as the standard).In 1957, most compound fertilizers applied to spring-sown cereals contained too little nitrogen, in relation to phosphate and potash, for many soils in arable areas; farmers who combine-drilled these compounds were unable to apply full dressings of nitrogen, because of limitations upon fertilizer delivery imposed by hopper capacity and gearing. In addition, the use of these fertilizers as a source of nitrogen involved the application of above optimum, and therefore wasteful, dressings of phosphate and potash. In practice, inadequate nitrogen dressings at sowing were supplemented with midseason top-dressings of a straight nitrogen fertilizer. As top-dressing was such a general practice and as our experiments in 1954 and 1956 showed that topdressing could have undesirable effects in wet seasons, we felt that further tests were required. To simulate practical conditions 'Nitro-Chalk' topdressings (0-3 cwt. N/acre) were used to supplement drilled dressings of 0-3 or 0-6 cwt. N/acre. By restricting top-dressings to this level, we hoped to minimize lodging and other factors associated with these mid-season dressings in our earlier experiments (inwhioh seed-bed nitrogen was supplemented with 0-5 cwt. N/acre top-dressing). Yields given by these divided dressings were compared with equivalent drilled or b...

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Soil nitrogen. VI.—correlations between laboratory measurements of soil mineral‐N and crop yields and responses in pot and field experiments

Gasser

1961

J Sci Food Agric

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Soil samples from sites of field experiments testing S-fertilisers for karley, potatoes, kale and grass were used for pot experiments with ryegrass and also t o measure ' available '-N in the laboratory.Mineral-K in the fresh soil (Mineral-Nf,,h) and the increases when fresh or re-wetted airdry soils were incubated (A Mineral-Nf,,,i, or 4 Mineral-Nnir-dry) were determined. These were more highly correlated with organic C than with total N content of the soils. Among ' available '-N measurements, Mineral-xfresh and 4 h ' l i n e r a l -S a~~d r y were most correlated with one another.The yields of dry matter and N uptake by ryegrass grown in unfertilised soil, or with two rates of applied N, were significantly correlated with Mineral-Nfresll or A hlineral-Nair.dry a t each level of nitrogen, but not with 4 Minera1-NfreSh.The unfertilised yields of barley in field experiments were significantly correlated with Mineral-Nfresh, A Mineral-Xab-,jry, and total N ; responses b y barley t o 0.5 cwt. of N/acre were significantly negatively correlated with all three ' available '-N measurements and with total X. Unfertilised yields of potatoes were significantly correlated with the three ' available '-N measurements and responses t o 1.0 cwt. of N/acre were significantly negatively correlated with A Wineral-Nai,.dry and total N. Mineral-"f,.,,h and A &1incral-Nair.dry are suggested as useful measurements for advisory purposes.

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Nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley and wheat

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

The effects of rates and time of application of nitrogenous fertilizer on barley in south-east Scotland

The effects of rates and time of application of nitrogenous fertilizer on barley in south-east Scotland

Applying nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

Soil nitrogen. VI.—correlations between laboratory measurements of soil mineral‐N and crop yields and responses in pot and field experiments

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