Nitrogen Fertilization of Black Walnut (<i>Juglans nigra</i> L.) During Plantation Establishment. Morphology and Production Efficiency

Goodman, Rosa C.; Oliet, Juan A.; Pardillo, Guillermo; Jacobs, Douglass F.

doi:10.5849/forsci.11-033

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The supply of nitrogen not only is the main limiting factor for plant growth and development but also affects the net photosynthetic rate and hence biomass. 40 The 15 N-values (‰) of plant material also reflect the isotopic composition of the soil and give insights into the type of cultivation practice as organic and synthetic fertilizers have a distinct 15 N signature ( 15 N > 7-10‰ and 15 N ∼ 0‰, respectively). [41][42][43] With these typical 15 N ranges (‰) of fertilizers, plant material deriving from organic production would be expected to be more enriched in 15 N than from samples stemming from conventional production.…”

Section: N-values (‰) Of German Walnutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walnut trees and other tree crops are characterized by limited nitrogen-uptake, which usually lies at ∼30-50% of available nitrogen. 2,40,45 For instance, field studies with 14 N-labeled fertilizers in matured walnut trees of the cultivar Juglans regia cv. Hartley resulted in a rather poor nitrogen-fertilizer use efficiency of 29%, and only ∼8% of totally applied nitrogen-fertilizer was used by the trees for fruit and leaf formation in the year of fertilization.…”

Section: N-values (‰) Of German Walnutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

2020

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BACKGROUND: Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are considered of high value for human nutrition and are cultivated worldwide. With globalization, however, the demand for regional products has increased. Isotopic fingerprints ( 2 H-, 15 N-and 13 C-values (‰)) created by means of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry provide the possibility of tracing the geographical provenance of plant foods. RESULTS: Authentic walnut samples from different geographical regions in Germany could be separated from each other by means of their bulk 2 H-values (‰) with samples from northern regions being more enriched in 2 H than samples collected from southern Germany. Next to precipitation data, the topography of the surrounding landscape of the sampling sites was taken into account for data interpretation by the creation of approximate elevation profiles. Moreover, German walnuts could be separated from French walnuts which showed significantly higher 2 H-values (‰). Variations in annual total precipitation was reflected by the shift in 2 H-ranges (‰) depending on the harvesting year. Additionally, organic walnuts could be well separated from conventionally produced walnuts due to their distinct 15 N-values (‰) which could be ascribed to a cultivation practice common for organic farming.CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here outlined the potential of determining isotopic fingerprints of walnuts from different sites within one country for tracing their regional origin and revealing their cultivation conditions. Including topographic characteristics between the sampling locations as well as precipitation data helped to even differentiate walnuts from two adjoining countries.

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Section: N-values (‰) Of German Walnutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N-values (‰) Of German Walnutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

2020

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“…In this study, the higher fertilization rate did not promote nutrient uptake, thus decreasing the FUE ( Table 2 ). Therefore, under specific absorption capacity, excess fertilization exceeded plant demand, resulting in low nutrient uptake, which ultimately reduced FUE ( Goodman et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Compound Fertilizer and Super Absorbent Polymer Application Significantly Promoted Growth and Increased Nutrient Levels in Pinus massoniana Seedlings and Soil in Seriously Eroded Degradation Region of Southern China

et al. 2021

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Pinus massoniana is the pioneer tree species in the red soil regions of southern China, however, the serious understory soil erosion and nutrient deficiency in that region are the main factors restricting the growth of P. massoniana. This field study examined the effects of compound fertilizer and super absorbent polymer (SAP) on the physiology, growth characteristics, biomass, soil nutrient, plant nutrient content, and nutrient uptake efficiency of 1-year-old P. massoniana seedlings for 2 years at Changting, Fujian in South China. One control (no fertilizer, CK) and fertilization treatments were established, namely, single compound fertilizer application (0.94, 1.89, and 3.56 g⋅plant–1) and mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application (0.94 + 1.01, 1.89 + 1.01, and 3.56 + 1.01 g⋅plant–1). Fertilization significantly improved the physiological performance, root collar diameter growth, height growth, biomass, and nutrient uptake of the seedlings. Compared with other fertilization treatments, the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application significantly improved the seedling photosynthesis, which meant that the SAP had a significant effect on promoting photosynthesis. Under the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application, the whole biomass of the seedlings was higher than that of all other treatments. Fertilization significantly increased the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content in the soils, leaves, stems, and roots of the seedlings, respectively. The P content was the main factor affecting growth characteristics and contributed to 58.03% of the total variation in seedling growth characteristics (P < 0.01). The N:P ratio of CK in the soils, leaves, and stems were higher than that of all the fertilization treatments, indicating that the severely eroded and degraded region had little P and required much of P. The principal component analysis indicated that the F2S (1.89 + 1.01 g) was the optimum fertilization amount and method in this experiment. These results provide a theoretical basis for the fertilization management of P. massoniana forests with severely eroded and degraded red soil regions.

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“…On the other hand, we found that the canopy and roots grew more when the doses provided were balanced and sufficient for the sapling (i.e., N70 treatment), with roots possibly exploring the substrate to take up resources (i.e., water and nutrients) to deliver them up to the rest of the plant. Following the categories described by Romheld (2012) and Goodman et al (2013), three nutritional stages could be identified in this study. Treatments N0 and N35 corresponded to the ''deficiency'' stage, when saplings show symptoms of N deficiency (Romheld, 2012) and the percentage of foliar N is less than 2.1% [considered to be deficient by Beutel et al (1976)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatments N0 and N35 corresponded to the ''deficiency'' stage, when saplings show symptoms of N deficiency (Romheld, 2012) and the percentage of foliar N is less than 2.1% [considered to be deficient by Beutel et al (1976)]. At N70, the ''sufficiency'' stage begins with an increase in growth, when the percentage of N is 2.2% [considered adequate by Beutel et al (1976) and Goodman et al (2013)]. A 3.2% leaf N concentration associated with the N140 to N210 treatments can be identified as ''luxury consumption.''…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Phytophthora cinnamomi Root-related Damage in Juglans regia Saplings

Morales¹,

Besoaín²,

Cuneo³

et al. 2019

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Excessive nitrogen (N) use in agriculture has been associated with increased severity of the damage caused by Phytophthora species. In this study, we investigated the impact in vitro and in vivo of N about Phytophthora cinnamomi. The preliminary in vitro assay showed the effect of different N sources on the mycelial growth of P. cinnamomi. This assay indicated that ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] allowed for greater control of P. cinnamomi mycelia in comparison with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] and potassium nitrate (KNO3) when used with 1000 ppm N. The in vivo assay showed the severity of P. cinnamomi in 5-month-old Juglans regia saplings grown under greenhouse conditions. We selected NH4NH3 as the source for N for the greenhouse assay, considering the inhibitory effect on the ingrowth of P. cinnamomi and the intensive use of this fertilizer in agriculture. Walnut saplings were fertilized with 0, 35, 70, 140, 210, and 1050 ppm N and were inoculated with zoospores of P. cinnamomi 45 d after the application of nitrogen treatment (DAA). They were harvested at 90 DAA. We found that a 70-ppm N fertilization reduced the development of P. cinnamomi, resulting in lower root and canopy damage indices (DIs) than the unfertilized inoculated treatments and fertilized treatments greater than 140 ppm. The results of the in vitro and in vivo assay agree that increased N concentrations were associated with reduced mycelium growth of P. cinnamomi, providing further evidence that N fertilization can mitigate this disease. Greater root and canopy damage was observed in saplings fertilized with 1050 ppm N, regardless of whether they were inoculated with P. cinnamomi, as a result of N phytotoxicity (verified through foliar analysis). In contrast, inoculated and unfertilized saplings (N0) also showed high root and canopy DIs associated either with the inoculation with P. cinnamomi or the no fertilization treatment. We postulate that 70 ppm N is the best fertilization rate for J. regia saplings because the positive effects of N on growth are maximized and the damage caused by P. cinnamomi is mitigated.

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Nitrogen Fertilization of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) During Plantation Establishment. Morphology and Production Efficiency

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

Mixture Compound Fertilizer and Super Absorbent Polymer Application Significantly Promoted Growth and Increased Nutrient Levels in Pinus massoniana Seedlings and Soil in Seriously Eroded Degradation Region of Southern China

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Phytophthora cinnamomi Root-related Damage in Juglans regia Saplings

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Nitrogen Fertilization of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) During Plantation Establishment. Morphology and Production Efficiency

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Stable isotope signatures (δ2H‐, δ13C‐, δ15N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

Stable isotope signatures (δ2H‐, δ13C‐, δ15N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

Mixture Compound Fertilizer and Super Absorbent Polymer Application Significantly Promoted Growth and Increased Nutrient Levels in Pinus massoniana Seedlings and Soil in Seriously Eroded Degradation Region of Southern China

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Phytophthora cinnamomi Root-related Damage in Juglans regia Saplings

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Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany