Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation Effects on Dry Bean

Abstract

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has the ability to form symbiotic relationships with N 2 -fixing bacteria. The research objectives were to evaluate yield and growth differences between dry bean cultivars from black, navy, and pinto market classes, with different N management combinations utilizing urea fertilizer, and two rhizobacteria inoculants. Research was conducted near Park River and Prosper, ND, during 2010, 2012. The experiment was a RCBD 3 × 2 × 3 factorial with four replicates with three dry bean cultivars, two N fertility levels, and two rhizobacteria inoculum sources plus a non-inoculated treatment. The pinto cultivar was also evaluated in 2014. Results showed significant cultivar main effect differences for nodules per plant, vigor, height, and 1000 seed weight. The pinto cultivar had significantly more nodules per root (19) compared with the black (13) and navy cultivars (9). There were not significant differences between inoculant treatments. The fertilizer main effect indicated significant differences for vigor and 1000 seed weight. No significant interactions were detected among factors. Addition of 56 kg N ha −1 resulted in more vigorous plants, but had no effect on seed yield, and reduced 1000 seed weight at harvest at Park River in 2013. Root nodule number was higher with the inoculant treatments with 16.2 and 15.8 nodules per plant compared to the non-inoculated treatment with 10.7 nodules per plant at Park River in 2013. The pinto variety Lariat with an application of 56 kg ha −1 had visually greener plants in 2013 and 2014, except Park River in 2013, but SPAD readings were not following the same trend. Inoculation and application of N fertilizer on dry bean may not be necessary if rhizobacteria are present and soil N levels are sufficiently high but future research on rates, timing, and N source and appropriate strains of Rhizobia inoculant on other pinto varieties is suggested.

Tillage systems affect soil nitrogen availability and interact growth parameters of different faba bean cultivars

“…Furthermore, a lower concentration of available nitrogen in the soil serves as a driving force that stimulates plants to form root nodules in order to fix atmospheric nitrogen after receiving an initial nitrogen boost at the beginning of cultivation to meet the plant and microbial nitrogen requirements before nodule formation. This aligns with the findings of Buetow et al (2017) and Zoffoli et al (2021), who observed that nitrogen fertilization reduces the number of effective bacterial nodules on plant roots. Depending on genetic material, this difference may be attributed to the genetic composition of the cultivars in their response to available nitrogen and the plant's biochemical processes that supply the root nodules with the necessary food and energy for their formation (Etemadi et al 2019).…”

Effectiveness of Rhizobium tropici sp. Strain UD5 Peat Biofertilizer Inoculant on Growth, Yield, and Nitrogen Concentration of Common Bean

“…In fact, inoculation of soybean with B. japonicum increases biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen uptake [29]. Our results are substantiated by those of Buetow et al [30,31], who found that Rhizobium inoculation of common bean improved the number of root nodules compared to uninoculated plants. A study conducted in Iran indicated that inoculating seeds of common bean with Rhizobium phaseoli resulted in an improvement in plant productivity and quality.…”

Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a vital component of sustainable agriculture and food security—A review

“…To increase SNF, dry bean growers can treat seeds with Rhizobium inoculants; however, inoculation studies have had mixed results. For example, recent studies have shown no increase in seed yield (Buetow et al, 2017; Cardillo et al, 2019; Dwivedi et al, 2015), and others have shown strong positive responses to inoculations (Hardarson, 1993; Martínez‐Romero, 2003; Mendoza‐Suárez et al, 2020). There is currently no consensus as to what causes this variation.…”