Nitrogen enrichment of soil and plant byRhizobium phaseoli-Phaseolus vulgaris symbiosis

Ruschel, A. P.; Salati, Enéas; Vose, P. B.

doi:10.1007/bf02197789

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Under these conditions, rhizodeposition constituted 17±24% of the total below-ground clover-N. These values agree with the estimates obtained by the use of comparable 15 N-labelling techniques for pea in pot experiments (Sawatsky and Soper, 1991;Jensen, 1996), alfalfa in solution culture (Ta et al, 1979), and ®eld bean and soybean in a pot study (Ruschel et al, 1979). Others found that rhizodeposition of N from alfalfa were insigni®cant under both ®eld and controlled conditions (Lory et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Høgh‐Jensen¹,

Schjøerring²

2001

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

150

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Correct assessment of the rhizodeposition of N in grassland is essential for the evaluation of biological N 2 -®xation of legumes, for the total N balance of agro-ecosystems, and for the pre-cropping value of grasslands. Using a leaf-feeding technique by which plants were 15 N labelled while growing in mezotrons in the ®eld, the rhizodeposition of N by unfertilised red clover, white clover and perennial ryegrass growing in pure stands was shown to amount to 64, 71 and 9 g N m 22 , respectively, over two complete growing seasons. The corresponding values for red clover and white clover growing in mixtures with ryegrass were 89 and 32 g N m 22 , respectively. The rhizodeposited N compounds, including ®ne roots, constituted more than 80% of the total plant-derived N in the soil, and in all cases exceeded the amount of N present in stubble. In the mixtures of red clover±ryegrass and white clover±ryegrass and the pure stands of red clover, white clover and ryegrass, respectively, the rhizodeposition constituted a 1.05, 1.52, 1.26, 2.21 and 2.77 fold increase over the total N in the shoots harvested during the two production years. In pure stands and mixtures of clover, 84 and 92%, respectively, of this N derived from biological N 2 ®xation. It is concluded that rhizodeposition provides a very substantial input of N to the legume-based grassland systems with great consequences for ecosystem N balance and turnover. Furthermore, the amount of atmospheric-derived N in the rhizodeposits may exceed that in the harvested shoots. q

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Høgh‐Jensen¹,

Schjøerring²

2001

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

150

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“…Vest 1971Ruschel 1979Eaglesham 1981Rerkasem and Rerkasem 1988 Then we calculated the sum transpiration amount (∑T, = W / WUE) and sum soil evaporation amount (∑E 0 ). The sum of evaporation (∑ET) from a mixed pot containining non-nitrogen-fixing maize and sunflower species was consistent with the total of ∑T and ∑E 0 .…”

Section: キーワードmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Amount of Evapotranspiration and Dry Mass in Mixed Planting, Especially in Relation to Nitrogen Fixation

Sugata

Sumi

Iwashita

2015

Japanese journal of crop science

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“…Although the importance of root excretion remains controversial, possibly because of difficulties to produce experimentally and so to determine quantitatively (Vallis, 1978;Whitehead, 1970), it is still evoked as a possible determinant pathway of N transference (Eaglesham et al, 1986;Haystead and Marriott, 1979;Lescure et al, 1986;Ruschel et al, 1979;Simpson, 1965;Ta and Faris, 1987;Vest, 1971;de Wit, 1966). Since the pioneering studies, which showed excretion of soluble amino-acids from legume root systems (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Since the pioneering studies, which showed excretion of soluble amino-acids from legume root systems (e.g. Virtanen et al, 1937) and especially from nodules (Wilson, 1937), most studies have involved the importance of root excretion in N transfer to grass; they are based on uptake of ~SN labelled mineral N (Chalamet et al, 1983;Eaglesham et al, 1981;Lescure et al, 1986;Ta and Faris, 1987;Vallis, 1978), or fixation under ~SN atmosphere (Ruschel et al, 1979). Difficulties and uncertainties encountered in ~SN experiments have been discussed (Lescure et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a periodic excretion of nitrogen by roots of grass-legume associations

Wacquant¹,

Ouknider²,

Jacquard³

1989

Plant Soil

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Diurnal variation in ion content of the solution bathing roots of two plants growing together in sand culture was analysed for three pairs of grass-legume species (Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium pratense; Zea mays and Glycine hispida; Avena sativa and Vicia sativa) and their monospecific controls. Biomass and nitrogen content of plants were determined.Ion concentration (NO~-, NO{, NH~, and K § and pH of root solutions were measured for LoliumTrifolium plant pairs and controls at 6 hours intervals over 36 h, starting at 8 am within a circadian cycle. Root solutions were regularly depleted in NO; by the grasses (Lolium-Lolium control) throughout the cycle. For associations involving the legume (Lolium-Trifolium and Trifolium-Trifolium), NO; depletion was followed by NO; enrichment at night, from late afternoon to early morning; the enrichment was more marked for the Lolium-Trifolium association. Solutions which did not contain NO2 ions, were enriched by trace amounts of NH2-ions, largely depleted in K § and alkalanized for all associations throughout the cycle.Repeating the experiment with the three pairs of species at the vegetative phase of development confirmed the previous results: NO; enrichment during the night for associations with legumes. When the experiment was repeated with older plants which had almost completed their flowering stage, depletion only was observed and no NO; enrichment.These data suggest that NO~-enrichment results from N excretion from active nodulated roots of the legume, accounting for the increase in both biomass and nitrogen content of the companion grass in grass-legume association. The quantitative importance and periodicity of nitrogen excretion as well as the origin of nitrate enrichment are discussed.

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Nitrogen enrichment of soil and plant byRhizobium phaseoli-Phaseolus vulgaris symbiosis

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

The Relationship between the Amount of Evapotranspiration and Dry Mass in Mixed Planting, Especially in Relation to Nitrogen Fixation

Evidence for a periodic excretion of nitrogen by roots of grass-legume associations

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