Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Pd4.7Ru Nanoparticles Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Abstract

It is imperative to design an inexpensive, active, and durable electrocatalyst in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace carbon black supported Pt (Pt/CB). In this work, we synthesized Pd4.7Ru nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Pd4.7Ru NPs/NrGO) by a facile microwave-assisted method. Nitrogen atoms were introduced into the graphene by thermal reduction with NH3 gas and several nitrogen atoms, such as pyrrolic, graphitic, and pyridinic N, found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Pyridinic nitrogen atoms acted as efficient particle anchoring sites, making strong bonding with Pd4.7Ru NPs. Additionally, carbon atoms bonding with pyridinic N facilitated the adsorption of O2 as Lewis bases. The uniformly distributed ~2.4 nm of Pd4.7Ru NPs on the NrGO was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The optimal composition between Pd and Ru is 4.7:1, reaching −6.33 mA/cm2 at 0.3 VRHE for the best ORR activity among all measured catalysts. Furthermore, accelerated degradation test by electrochemical measurements proved its high durability, maintaining its initial current density up to 98.3% at 0.3 VRHE and 93.7% at 0.75 VRHE, whereas other catalysts remained below 90% at all potentials. These outcomes are considered that the doped nitrogen atoms bond with the NPs stably, and their electron-rich states facilitate the interaction with the reactants on the surface. In conclusion, the catalyst can be applied to the fuel cell system, overcoming the high cost, activity, and durability issues.

Structural, Spectral, and Electrochemical Investigations of a Nitrogen‐Doped N‐rGO/MgCo2O4 Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Applications

“…The transition metals oxide with extrinsic reduced graphene oxide (nitrogen doped rGO) have been strategically important for full utilization of the EDLC and pseudocapacitance behaviour [28] . The metal oxide Co 3 O 4 in nanoscale have a high theoretical specific capacitance of 3560 F g −1 due to rich oxidation states Co 3+ /Co 2 [29–31] . Zn, Mg, Ni, Cu, Mn based oxides also have +2, +3 oxidation states and can be combined with Co 3 O 4 produces ZnCo 2 O 4 , MgCo 2 O 4 , NiCo 2 O 4 , CuCo 2 O 4 and MnCo 2 O 4 , spinels with high theoretical specific capacitance.…”

“…[28] The metal oxide Co 3 O 4 in nanoscale have a high theoretical specific capacitance of 3560 F g À 1 due to rich oxidation states Co 3 + /Co 2 . [29][30][31] Zn, Mg, Ni, Cu, Mn based oxides also have + 2, + 3 oxidation states and can be combined with Co 3 O 4 produces ZnCo 2 O 4 , MgCo 2 O 4 , NiCo 2 O 4 , CuCo 2 O 4 and MnCo 2 O 4 , spinels with high theoretical specific capacitance. Specifically MgCo 2 O 4 possess higher theoretical capacitance of 3122 F g À 1 .…”