Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Framework Derived from Waste Pig Nails for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Abstract

In situ nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon was synthesized by using waste protein‐rich pig nails as precursors in a facile KOH activation method. The microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of the materials were investigated by tuning the amount of KOH. When the weight ratio of KOH to pig nails is 1 : 1, the obtained nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC‐1) exhibits the largest specific surface area (2569 m2 g−1) with interconnected porous network structure, which are beneficial to ion/electron storage and transfer. In addition, abundant nitrogen of 2.8 at % in the NHPC‐1 also contributes to the high electrochemical activity of the supercapacitor during the charging/discharging process. As a result, the NHPC‐1 electrode in the supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 231 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and superior retention of 98 % after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Additionally, the assembled symmetric device based on NHPC‐1 exhibits a high energy density of 7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1. Our study suggests that waste pig nails can act as low‐cost and renewable carbon precursors for high performance supercapacitor.

Sustainable Utilization of Biomass Refinery Wastes for Accessing Activated Carbons and Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

“…Based on the galvanostatic charge/discharge process, the specific capacitance (C s )was calculated on the basis of Equation (9): [79] Ap latinum wire and as aturated Ag/AgCl electrode were used as counter and reference electrodes, respectively.T he working electrodes were prepared by the following procedure.…”

“…Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and cycle-life/stability studies were carried out within the same range of potentials. Based on the galvanostatic charge/discharge process, the specific capacitance (C s )was calculated on the basis of Equation (9): [79]…”

Microporous Organic Polymer‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Spheres for Efficient Capacitive Energy Storage

“…The specific capacitance of the cell (C cell ), gravimetric specific capacitance (C s ), power density (P) and energy density (E) were calculated according to the following equations. [6,45] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57…”

“…have undergone tremendous development in areas ranging from fundamental research to modern energy applications . High surface area, highly porous network, easy surface tunability and low‐cost preparations of porous carbon materials have been instrumental in enhancing the electrochemical properties of energy storage devices such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, lithium‐sulfur batteries, etc. However, a multitude of issues such as tuning the morphology effectively and porosity parameters remain a major challenge in order to obtain a high‐performance electrode material.…”

Preparation of chrome-tanned leather shaving-based hierarchical porous carbon and its capacitance properties

“…4c also shows that there is a small fraction of the ordered carbon structure in the sample because of the partial graphitization of the carbon-based material due to the KOH etching. [35][36][37] However, the graphitized structure shows good electrical conductivity in the course of rapid charge and discharge and can also enhance ion transport, which is very benecial for improving the performance of supercapacitors. 38 To further determine the pore structures and the specic surface areas of CTSHPC-x, Fig.…”