Nitrogen doped cuprous oxide as low cost hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells

Han, Guifang; Du, Wen Han; An, Bao-Li; Bruno, Annalisa; Leow, Shin Woei; Soci, Cesare; Zhang, Sam; Mhaisalkar, Subodh; Mathews, Nripan

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.04.049

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The PCE of the CuI-based HTM swiftly reached 16.8% in inverted planar architecture [20]. Inherent advantages, such as the ability to reduce the production costs, suitable energy levels, high hole mobility as well as enhancement of its resistance to degradation, make inorganic HTMs a promising class of materials to replace spiro-OMeTAD [21,22]. In addition, the stability of PSCs has been improved by inorganic HTMs and the conversion efficiency has rapidly increased in the past few years [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells

2018

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P-type wide bandgap semiconductor materials such as CuI, NiO, Cu2O and CuSCN are currently undergoing intense research as viable alternative hole transport materials (HTMs) to the spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite 23.3% efficiency of PSCs, there are still a number of issues in addition to the toxicology of Pb such as instability and high-cost of the current HTM that needs to be urgently addressed. To that end, copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) HTMs in addition to robustness have high stability, high hole mobility, and suitable energy levels as compared to spiro-OMeTAD HTM. CuSCN HTM layer use affordable materials, require short synthesis routes, require simple synthetic techniques such as spin-coating and doctor-blading, thus offer a viable way of developing cost-effective PSCs. HTMs play a vital role in PSCs as they can enhance the performance of a device by reducing charge recombination processes. In this review paper, we report on the current progress of CuSCN HTMs that have been reported to date in PSCs. CuSCN HTMs have shown enhanced stability when exposed to weather elements as the solar devices retained their initial efficiency by a greater percentage. The efficiency reported to date is greater than 20% and has a potential of increasing, as well as maintaining thermal stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells

2018

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“…In fact, the idea of avoiding traps at the Cu 2 O/MAPI interface has been proven experimentally, by means of creating a buffer layer of spiro-MeOTAD between MAPI and Cu 2 O. 18,21,22 Let us consider the effects of the small, but non-negligible lattice mismatch between Cu 2 O and MAPI, which is 2% with our computational setup. For sufficiently thick films, the strain energy (see Table 2) can surpass the energy gain associated with the energy of adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen-doped Cu 2 O has been proposed for tunnel recombination junction on tandem Si/PSC, 17 as well as for single-junction cells. 18 Improved 19% PCE has been achieved by the combination CuO x /MAPbI 3−y Cl y . 19 Liu et al 20 achieved a high 18.9% efficiency using Cu 2 O nanocubes deposited from solution on a mixed perovskite Cs 0.05 FA 0.81 MA 0.14 PbI 2.55 Br 0.45 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-Scale Model and Electronic Structure of Cu₂O/CH₃NH₃PbI₃Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells

Castellanos-Águila

Lodeiro

Menéndez-Proupín

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Cuprous oxide has been conceived as a potential alternative to traditional organic hole-transport layers in hybrid halide perovskite-based solar cells. Device simulations predict record efficiencies using this semiconductor, but experimental resultsdo not yet show this trend. More detailed knowledge about the Cu 2 O/perovskite interface is mandatory to improve the photoconversion efficiency. Using density functional theory calculations, here, we study the interfaces of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 with Cu 2 O to assess their influence on device performance. Several atomistic models of these interfaces are provided for the first time, considering different compositions of the interface atomic planes. The interface electronic properties are discussed on the basis of the optimal theoretical situation, but in connection with the experimental realizations and device simulations. It is shown that the formation of vacancies in the Cu 2 O terminating planes is essential to eliminate dangling bonds and trap states. The four interface models that fulfill this condition present a band alignment favorable for photovoltaic conversion. Energy of adhesion and charge transfer across the interfaces are also studied. The termination of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 in PbI 2 atomic planes seems optimal to maximize the photoconversion efficiency.

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“…For instance, a layer of spiro‐OMeTAD was introduced as a buffer after realizing that the lower performance was partially due to the defects formed at the Cu 2 O/perovskite interface. [ 121,122 ] In addition, nitrogen doping led to higher conductivity by introducing shallow acceptor states after the partial occupation of Cu + sites by N 2 , contributing to a higher PCE of 15.73%. [ 121 ] Further increase in the PCE was enabled by incorporating the optimal quantity of Cu in the resultant film to lift conductivity by reducing the O 2 partial pressure in the Ar/O 2 mixture.…”

Section: Htlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 121,122 ] In addition, nitrogen doping led to higher conductivity by introducing shallow acceptor states after the partial occupation of Cu + sites by N 2 , contributing to a higher PCE of 15.73%. [ 121 ] Further increase in the PCE was enabled by incorporating the optimal quantity of Cu in the resultant film to lift conductivity by reducing the O 2 partial pressure in the Ar/O 2 mixture. [ 122 ] Using this strategy, a PCE of 17.11% was achieved.…”

Section: Htlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward efficient and stable operation of perovskite solar cells: Impact of sputtered metal oxide interlayers

Cai

Zhu

2021

Nano Select

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an emerging photovoltaic technology. PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 25.2% have been demonstrated. Apart from the encouraging progress made in the efficiency, continuous improvement in operational stability is essential if the PSC technology is to become one of the commercially viable photovoltaic options for applications in renewable energy. In parallel to the development of high‐performance PSCs using environmental‐friendly solution fabrication processes, incorporation of process‐compatible high‐quality metal oxide interlayers for enhancing the stability of PSCs, through passivating the interfacial defects at the perovskite/contact interfaces, enhancing charge extraction, and retarding of the moisture encroachment, is needed. This review discusses the recent research progresses made in the development of different metal oxide interlayers for applications in PSCs, highlighting the functions, process compatibility and advances in high performing stable PSCs.

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Nitrogen doped cuprous oxide as low cost hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells

Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells

Atomic-Scale Model and Electronic Structure of Cu₂O/CH₃NH₃PbI₃Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells

Toward efficient and stable operation of perovskite solar cells: Impact of sputtered metal oxide interlayers

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Nitrogen doped cuprous oxide as low cost hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells

Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells

Atomic-Scale Model and Electronic Structure of Cu2O/CH3NH3PbI3Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells

Toward efficient and stable operation of perovskite solar cells: Impact of sputtered metal oxide interlayers

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Atomic-Scale Model and Electronic Structure of Cu₂O/CH₃NH₃PbI₃Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells